1. Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion
AFRICA

2. Pre-Colonial Africa

3. Reasons for European Expansion
1. Curiosity
2. Search for new trade routes
3. Desire for natural resources and wealth
4. Pride

4. Portugal
Why were the Portuguese the first Europeans to travel to Africa?
Prince Henry the Navigator (west coast)
Bartolomeu Dias (Cape of Good Hope)
Vasco Da Gama (India)

5. PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION

6. Exploring Africa 1. The Gold Coast 2. Western Africa 3. East Africa
4. Mozambique

7. The Early Slave Trade 1. Islamic Empire controlled the slave trade.
2. Intra-African Trade
3. Establishment of Trade Posts (later for slave trade) – 40 along the West Coast
4. European expansion to the New World leads to increased demands for slaves.

8. Slave Trade Years Number of Slaves % of overall trade
,000 -
1500 – ,
1601 – ,348,
1701 – ,090,
1801 – ,466,
____________________________________________
Total 11,233,

9. Where Did the Slaves Go?

10. The Decline of Portuguese Influence
Few permanent settlements
Racial Assimilation
Annexation by Spain
Political Instability
Colonial Wars (Mozambique and Angola)
International Competition

11. Colonial Africa The Scramble for Africa (1880 – 1900) Britain Italy
France
Germany
Spain
Belgium
Netherlands

12. THE BRITISH COME TO AFRICA
British ship brings back gold from Guinea
1650s – British begin building forts on the West Coast of Africa, including the fort at Cape Coast
1700s – 1800s – British become heavily involved in the slave trade
1807 – Britain abolishes the slave trade
1817 – Britain begins to take control of people living on the coast with the consent of the Ashanti state.

13. THE FRENCH COME TO AFRICA
1624 – France est. trading posts in Senegal
1774 – Conflict with Britain destroys French colonialism
1830 – France invades Algeria

14. BERLIN CONFERENCE
1884 – Portugal requests Otto von Bismark solve the “Africa Problem”
14 countries invited
Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (unified from ), Turkey, and the United States of America.
Germany France, G.B. and Portugal are the major players

15. Carving Up Africa 80% of the continent was self-governed
Africa is carved into 50 countries and superimposed over the 1000 indigenous cultures.

16. Who Got What?
Great Britain – Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (British East Africa), South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana (Rhodesia), Nigeria and Ghana (Gold Coast)
France – Mauritania to Chad (French West Africa), and Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French Equatorial Africa)
Belgium – Democratic Republic of the Congo (Belgian Congo)
Portugal – Mozambique, Guinea and Angola
Italy – Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and Eritrea.
Germany – Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and Tanzania (German East Africa)
Spain – Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni)

17. Colonial Africa After WWI

18. Colonial Africa After WWII