1. Common Usage Terms K.M.H.S. AP World History
Print this presentation and keep it in the Reference Section of your portfolio.

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Incorporate the concepts and terms in this presentation throughout the course.
Relate them to each theme and/or topic.
Evaluate/describe:
Political systems=
[How do they govern? Who rules?]
Economic systems=
[How do they make a living? Technology?]
Cultural systems= [Religions, Gender roles, etc.?]
Biological systems= [Where do they live? Climate? Environmental interactions?]
Utilize the example graphic organizer for each theme/topic studied.
4 Quadrant Organizer

3. Key Comparisons All key comparisons/contrasts must be:
Comprised of Venn Diagram
Theme & Date Range
Political Systems
Economic Systems
Cultural Systems
Biological Systems
Include small map
on the back
if applicable

4. Continuity & Change Continuities: Changes:
TRADITIONAL TENDENCIES WITHIN A SOCIETY
Continuities:
Long-standing cultural traditions within a society
Stay the same over time or are recurring
Changes:
Cultural traditions that are newly adopted
Identifies changes within society
Example: Confucianism
Example: Adoption of Buddhism

5. TIME MEASURES B.C.E. Before Current/Common Era
All measured time before the year 0
C.E.
Current/Common Era
All measured time from year 0 to present
ALL DATES GIVEN ARE RELATIVE AND COULD
BE QUOTED DIFFERENTLY IN OTHER SOURCES.
World Historians prefer this secular designates for measuring time.
Dates align with terms BC and AD.

6. CENTURY DESIGNATES Centuries are quoted thus:
1901 to 2001 = 20th Century
2001 to 2101 = 21st Century
Thus the years cited would be designated the later [next] “century”
Ex = 15th Century
Ex = 18th Century
While we don’t memorize dates, you must get this down because historians often reference dates as a given ‘century’.

7. CENTURY DESIGNATES 16th Century – Spain 17th Century – Dutch
18th Century – France
19th Century – Britain
20th Century – America
21st Century - ?????
The 21st Century is open to debate.

8. VERNACULAR AND MY EXAMS!
Terms / concepts in the common language of historians.
Using the vernacular implies that you will use the appropriate terms identified throughout the course.
Doing this will get you points on the AP exam.
AND MY EXAMS!
Expected throughout the course.

9. OTHER ABBREVIATIONS Casualty Statistics: KIA MIA WIA Killed in action
Million M
Thousand K
Billion B
Hundred C
Circa [Latin term]
c. [means around this time]
Casualty Statistics:
KIA
Killed in action
MIA
Missing in action
WIA
Wounded in action
Used later in the course
Circa is a none specific date range. Number abbreviations are usually referencing population statistics.

10. LEGAL TERMS [Latin term]
Dejure`
[Latin term]
Means legal or legally recognized; based in law.
Defacto
Means in practice but not legally recognized or based in law.
These terms are used throughout the course whenever and where ever applicable.

11. LATIN TERMS {Please Define}
Ad hoc
Et al.
et cetera
Habeas corpus
INRI
Mare nostrum
Modus operandi
Pater Familias
Pax
Americana
Romana
Mongolia
Per annum
Per Capita
Per diem
Quid pro quo
Sic.
SPQR
Status quo
Terra incognita
Vae victis
Veni vidi vici
Veto
Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (INRI)

12. WORLD RELIGIONS
World religions are a crucial catalyst in history and we will not study them with an ethnocentric approach. We will withhold judgment.
Central flame - Zoroastrianism
Cross – Christianity
Crescent Moon & Star – Islam
Symbol of Hinduism
Star of David – Judaism
Ying & Yang – Daoism
Wheel of Life - Buddhism

14. RELIGIONS Polytheism Monotheism Belief in only one god. Judaism
Belief in a pantheon of gods [many].
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Greece
Rome
Hinduism
Monotheism
Belief in only one god.
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Always examine religions first as a type and then identify founder, tenets, region, purpose.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge.
Buddhist epistemology does
not support the existence of
one or more gods.

15. Parallel Descent: [Inheritance]
SOCIETAL INFLUENCE
MATRIARCHAL
Early societies
Female deities
Female power base
MATRILINEAL
Inheritance through female
PATRIARCHAL
Agricultural societies
Male power base
Male deities
PATRILINEAL
Inheritance through male
These terms will be used to identify every culture studied through modern times.
Parallel Descent: [Inheritance]

16. DESCENT PATTERNS

17. PARALLEL DESCENT
Is a form of cognatic descent in which individuals can select to trace descent either matrilineal or matrilineal.  The decision may be made each generation based  on the relative wealth and/or importance of the father's and the mother's family lines.

18. Two Important Terms [Will be used throughout course]
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM
Degree to which one society adopts traditions of another culture
Done by coercion not choice
SYNCRETISM
Degree to which one society adopts traditions of another culture
Done by choice not coercion
You must always address cultural diffusion as either syncretism or cultural imperialism.

19. IS IT ORIGINAL OR A COPY? INDEPENDENT INVENTION
Innovation that is new or original
No outside influences involved.
CULTURAL DIFFUSION
Innovation that is introduced from another group or civilization
Usually through trade or other interaction.
Always look for connections that transfer innovations through trade and migration. Examine those innovations that have no connections with another region.
This is also a consideration when considering the emergence of civilization. In Mesopotamia, China & Central America civilizations arose independent of outside influences.

20. Enduring Questions
You must be able to evaluate trans-regional cultural diffusion.
You must be able to identify the role of syncretization and cultural imperialism at work in that diffusion.
ALL EVENTS STUDIED MUST BE ADDRESSED BY ANSWERING “WHY”.
These concepts are designed to prepare you for using the vernacular in free response essays.