1. The World of Cells 1
What are cells made of?

2. The World of Cells 1
Organelles

3. The World of Cells 1
The Nucleus
In the cells of organisms except bacteria, the hereditary material is in an organelle called the nucleus (NEW klee us).

4. The Nucleus 1 Inside the nucleus are chromosomes (KROH muh zohmz).
The World of Cells 1
The Nucleus
Inside the nucleus are chromosomes (KROH muh zohmz).
Chromosomes contain an important chemical called DNA. It determines which traits an organism will have.

5. nucleus Controls all cell activities
Has heredity information in chromosomes and DNA

6. The World of Cells 1
Energy and the Cell
Cells, except bacteria, have organelles called mitochondria (mi tuh KAHN dree uh).
An important process called cellular respiration takes place inside a mitochondrion.

7. mitochondria
Turns food into energy

8. The World of Cells 1
Storage
In cells, food, water, and other substances are stored in balloonlike organelles in the cytoplasm called vacuoles (VA kyuh wohlz).
Some vacuoles store wastes until the cell is ready to get rid of them.

9. vacuole
Storage
Holds water and disposes wastes

10. The World of Cells 1
Inside the Cell
The inside of a cell is filled with a gelatinlike substance called cytoplasm (SI tuh pla zum).
Approximately two-thirds of the cytoplasm is water, but it also contains many chemicals that are needed by the cell.

11. cytoplasm
Gel-like substance
Has water and important chemicals

12. chromosomes
In nucleus
has heredity information-DNA

13. The World of Cells 1
Outside the Cell
The cell membrane is a flexible structure that holds the cell together.
The cell membrane forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

14. Cell membrane
Surrounds cell
Controls what passes in and out of cell

15. Nature's Solar Energy Factories
The World of Cells 1
Nature's Solar Energy Factories
Most photosynthesis in plants occurs in leaf cells.
Inside these cells are green organelles called chloroplasts (KLOR uh plats).

16. Nature's Solar Energy Factories
The World of Cells 1
Nature's Solar Energy Factories
Animals obtain food from their surroundings.
Plants, algae, and many types of bacteria make food through a process called photosynthesis (foh toh SIHN thuh sus).

17. Nature's Solar Energy Factories
The World of Cells 1
Nature's Solar Energy Factories
During plant photosynthesis chloroplasts capture light energy and combine carbon dioxide from the air with water to make food.
As the plant needs energy, its mitochondria release the food's energy.

18. chloroplast Conducts photosynthesis Found mostly in leaf cells
Contains chlorophyll-green color

19. The World of Cells 1
Outside the Cell
Some cells also have a structure outside the cell membrane called a cell wall.
The cell wall helps support and protect these cells.

20. Cell wall
Provides support and protection
Plant cell only

21. Plant cells vs. animal cells
Both cells

22. The World of Cells 1
Organelles
Except for bacterial cells, cells contain organelles (or guh NELZ).
These specialized cell parts can move around in the cytoplasm and perform activities that are necessary for life.

23. organelles Parts of the cell that have a specific job
Inside the cell in the cytoplasm

24. Organelles
Not organelles