1. Ch 9 Sections 2 & 3

2. Learning targets
I can explain how events in Europe created challenges for the New American Government.
I can List the Dangers Washington warned about.
I can Explain the issues that divided Americans during Adam’s presidency.

3. The French Revolution The French Revolution, which began in 1789,
Initially supported by the U.S.,
French declared war on Great Britain
revolution became excessively brutal
U.S. claimed neutrality on the issue.

5. Jay’s Treaty
Under Jay’s Treaty Britain abandoned the Ohio River Valley
Britain paid reparations for American ships captured during its war with France.

6. Pinckney’s Treaty
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain opened up the port of New Orleans and travel along the Mississippi River to Americans.

7. Thomas Pinckney

8. Washington Retires- 2 Statements:
Avoid party politics at all costs!
-only leads to fighting
2) Foreign policy- stay neutral and out of other countries business

9. Section 3: The Federalists in Charge
Washington’s cabinet members argued over a number of issues: 1)How to interpret the Constitution? -loose vs. strict 2)Hamilton’s creation of a National Bank -necessary or too much power? 3)Who to side with in the war between Britain and France? -ally or trading partner? 4)What kind of a nation would the U.S. be? -world power, leader or mind own business?

10. Loose Construction of the Constitution:
Anything not specifically prohibited is OK!
Necessary and Proper Clause
Strict Construction of the Constitution:
Government can only do exactly what the Constitution says and no more!

11. The Formation of Political Parties
A political party tries to influence government policy by promoting its ideas
Have a lot of power in American government despite not being mentioned in the Constitution
Began separating over the issue of strict vs. loose interpretation of the Constitution
Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans

12. Election of 1796 John Adams elected president
Thomas Jefferson, his rival and runner-up in the election is vice-president
U.S. Capital moves to Washington D.C.

13. XYZ Affair Alliance with France breaks down
Adams sends representatives to try and talk to France
Three French agents “X,Y, and Z” say that they will talk but only if the U.S. gives France $10 million and a $250,000 bribe to the French minister of foreign affairs
Leads to the end of the U.S./French alliance

14. Alien and Sedition Acts
Many people thought John Adams was becoming too powerful
Federalist Congress passes laws:
Increased waiting period to become a citizen
President could arrest “disloyal” aliens
Sedition (saying anything false or harmful about the government) is outlawed
Did this take away freedom of speech???
I HATE Federalists!

15. States Rights
Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison fought back
States’ rights theory says that a state could nullify (cancel out) any federal law they felt violated the Constitution within their state
Challenged the authority of the National government and led to Jefferson’s election

16. Democratic - Republicans
Objective: To analyze the differences between the first political parties.
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Federalists
Democratic - Republicans 16

17. Hamilton and Jefferson: Differing Views
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Favored farmers and rural communities
Favored trade, manufacturing and cities
Believed that the federal government should have more power than the states
Believed that states should have more power than the federal government (state’s rights)
Believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution
Believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution
was pro-British
was pro-French 17

18. First Political Parties Democratic Republicans
Federalists
Democratic Republicans
led by Alexander Hamilton
led by Thomas Jefferson
strong central government led by industry and the wealthy
strong state governments led by the “common man”
emphasis on agriculture
“Cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens.” – Thomas Jefferson
emphasis on manufacturing, shipping, and trade
loose interpretation of the Constitution
strict interpretation of the Constitution
favored the national bank
opposed the national bank
favored protective tariffs
opposed protective tariffs
pro-British
pro-French 18

19. Am I a Federalist or a Republican?
Francois Goulet
Farmer from Georgia
5th grade education
2. Brandon Smith
Lawyer from Boston, MA
College graduate
3. John Marshall
Virginia planter
Future Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Believed that the judicial branch was too weak
4. Hans Gruber
German immigrant
Pennsylvania farmer
5. Sally Moore
Mother of five
Employee of a Massachusetts textile mill
6. James Prescott
Banker from Delaware
Member of the Delaware state legislature
7. Mary Worthington
Merchant from South Carolina
Sells mainly European products

20. Am I a Federalist or a Republican?
Francois Goulet
Farmer from Georgia
5th grade education
Republican
2. Brandon Smith
Lawyer from Boston, MA
College graduate
Federalist

21. Am I a Federalist or a Republican?
3. John Marshall
Virginia planter
College graduate
Future Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Believed that the judicial branch was too weak
Federalist
4. Hans Gruber
German immigrant
Pennsylvania farmer
Republican

22. Am I a Federalist or a Republican?
5. Sally Moore
Mother of five
Employee of a Massachusetts textile mill
Federalist
6. James Prescott
Banker from Delaware
Member of the Delaware state legislature
Republican

23. Am I a Federalist or a Republican?
7. Mary Worthington
Merchant from South Carolina
Sells mainly European products
Republican