1. Infectious Disease and Bloodborne Pathogens Training
St. Michael-Albertville Public Schools

2. Questions?
Any time throughout the slide show or throughout the school year: Contact Rachel Koehler at IEA Phone:

3. What’s in it for me?
Reminder on how to protect yourself from infectious diseases, including Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs)
Satisfy OSHA requirement for annual training of affected employees
Question: Who is responsible for your safety?
Answer: YOU ARE!
Lead in to next slide with a statement of “Yes, OSHA requires training. And the district will provide all the tools and training to make sure you can be safe while on the job. But it is YOUR responsibility to use the PPE and follow the procedures. We do this so we can go home at the end of each day to this….” and then click to next slide.

4. Infectious Diseases A disease caused by a microorganism
or other agent, such as a bacterium,
fungus, or virus, that enters the body
of an organism

5. Common Infectious Diseases
Common Cold
Chickenpox
Measles
Conjunctivitis (Pink eye)
Influenza (flu)
Head & Body Lice
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Meningitis (Bacterial or Viral)

6. The Infection Chain Infectious Agent (flu)
Reservoir (you)
Modes of Escape (sneeze)
Modes of Transmission (airborne)
Modes of Entry (hand to mouth)
Host Susceptibility (immune system)
Just need to break one link in the chain to prohibit infection from spreading! See or use infectious disease handout.
Infectious Agents –hazardous biological materials that present a risk or potential risk to the health of humans or animals.
Reservoir – This is where the disease lives inside your body.
Modes of Escape – This is how the disease is spread from the infected person.  
Modes of Transmission – This is how the disease moves from one person to another.  
Modes of Entry – This is how a person becomes infected with a disease.  
Host Susceptibility – This depends on the individual’s bodily reaction to the disease in question.

7. Break the Infection Chain
Modes of Escape
Cough and sneeze into your “sleeve,” not your hands!
Modes of Entry
Wash your hands
Housekeeping
Proper cleaning and disinfecting of high contact surfaces

8. Definition of Bloodborne Pathogen
Pathogenic microorganism
Present in human blood
Can cause disease in humans
Most common BBPs are:
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV

9. Infectious Body Fluids
Blood
Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIMs)
Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Pleural Fluid (or Lung Fluid)
Synovial Fluid (or Fluid from Your Joints)
Amniotic Fluid (or Uterine Fluid)
Peritoneal Fluid (or Fluid that fills your body cavity)
Saliva in Dental Procedures
Any Body Fluid that is Visibly Contaminated with Blood

10. BBPs Are NOT Spread By… Urine Feces Vomit Saliva Nasal Secretions Air
Food
Water
….Unless Visibly Contaminated with
Infectious Blood!!!

11. Purpose of OSHA Standard
To reduce or eliminate occupational exposure to potentially infectious materials which could cause disease or death.
Designed to protect 5.6 million workers in healthcare and related occupations.

12. Who Does it Cover?
All employees for whom exposure can be “reasonably anticipated” as part of their normal job duties
Health care occupation primary focus
Employer responsible for evaluating potential for exposure
Excludes Good Samaritan activities (e.g. A teacher breaking up a fight)

13. BBP Program Requirements
Evaluation of employee activities
Develop Exposure Control written plan
Practice Universal Precautions
Hepatitis B vaccinations and titers
Post exposure procedures
Personal protective equipment
Training
Annual review
Recordkeeping
Plan - Identifies jobs/tasks where occupational exposure occurs
Schedule of implementation
Procedures for evaluating exposure incidents
Accessible to all employees & OSHA
Review/update annually

14. Exposure Control Written Plan
A written plan in which potential exposures are listed along with appropriate responses
The BBP program coordinator is Julie Winkelman, District Nurse
Accessible to all employees & OSHA
Reviewed/updated annually

15. Types of
Bloodborne Diseases

16. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Virus that causes AIDS.
HIV affects the immune system, slowing destroying white blood cells.
Virus is killed easily outside of body (once blood is dry, HIV considered no longer communicable)
There is no vaccine to prevent HIV
From the Public Health Image Library – Center for Disease Control and Prevention

17. Symptoms of HIV Weakness/Fatigue Fever Sore throat Nausea Headaches
Swollen lymph glands
Sometimes no immediate symptoms

18. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Attacks liver
90% of infected adults are acute carriers
Death occurs in 15-25% of chronically infected people
Vaccine preventable
Virus is only killed by high-level bactericides
From the Public Health Image Library – Center for Disease Control and Prevention

19. Symptoms of Hepatitis B
Fatigue
Possible stomach pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Jaundice
Darkened urine
Sometimes asymptomatic (~30%)

20. Hepatitis C (HCV) Attacks liver No vaccine
80 of infected people are chronic carriers
50-55% develop chronic liver disease
Treatment with interferon but has side effects

21. Symptoms of Hepatitis C
Fatigue
Joint pain
Stomach pain
Itchy skin
Sore muscles
Dark urine
80% of carriers are asymptomatic and may be for years

22. Modes of Transmission Sexual contact Infected mother to child
Exposure to another person’s blood
Contaminated needle sharing (drug use)
Accidental poke by used needle or other contaminated sharp (e.g. broken glass)
Blood contact with non-intact skin
Blood contact with mucous membranes (i.e. eyes, nose, mouth)
Blood transfusions

23. Common Occupational Transmissions
Needle-sticks (80% - mostly in healthcare)
Contaminated sharps/glass/ceramics
Mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)
Open wound that is exposed to someone else’s blood (includes skin rash, dermatitis broken cuticles, cut)

24. Methods of protection

25. Universal Precautions
Treat ALL blood/body fluids as potentially infectious!!!
Avoid skin exposure to blood and OPIM
Use a barrier to keep fluids from contacting skin
Dispose of sharps in a puncture resistant container
Dispose of soiled items in leak –proof bags/containers
Wash Hands for 20 seconds with friction/soap/water
Contact custodian to clean/disinfect spill ASAP!

26. Vaccinations HIV Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus
There is NO vaccine for HIV. Some treatments can improve length of life dramatically.
Hepatitis B Virus
The HBV vaccination is administered in a series of 3 injections
Given at 0, 1, and 4-6 month intervals
Effective in 95% of people who complete series of all three shots
Series may continue if exceeded interval (i.e. do not have to start over even if 1st shot was 2 years ago)
Hepatitis C Virus
There is NO vaccine. Treatment is only effective in 40% of cases.

27. Hepatitis B Vaccination
Available at no cost to all St. Michael-Albertville Public School employees who are “covered” under the BBP Program.
Titer test (blood draw) required for new “health care worker” after receiving the HBV vaccination
If you would like to receive the HBV vaccination at no cost, contact Julie Winkelman.

28. Engineering Controls Sharps containers Self-Sheathing Needles
Closable, leak proof, puncture resistant
Used for disposal of used needles and other contaminated sharp objects (e.g. broken glass)
Located in school health offices
Self-Sheathing Needles
Avoid having to re-cap needles!

29. Administrative Controls
No food or application of cosmetics in the area where blood or other body fluids are present!
Direct victims in self-care where possible
Hand-washing facilities present throughout our schools

30. Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves shall be worn when it can be
reasonably anticipated that you may:
Have hand contact with blood or other infectious materials
Have hand contact with mucous membranes
Have hand contact with non-intact skin
Handle or touch contaminated items or surfaces
Please speak with your supervisor if you need PPE

31. Gloves Don prior to contact with blood Check for proper fit
Check for punctures
Wash hands before/after
Pull snug to insure good fit
Peel off from wrist to fingers
Dispose of in waste container
Do not reuse

32. First Aid Procedures
Assess the situation - call nurse for assistance or send injured to nurse’s office
Use personal protective equipment
Instruct injured person on self-care – if they can hold a tissue to their nose or apply a band aid themselves, have them do it!
Wash hands immediately afterwards
Don’t exceed your level of training!

33. Disinfectants High level commercial germicides
Products effective against HBV and HIV are approved by EPA
Follow label instructions
PPE
Disposal
Kill time
Make Sure You Have a Proper Disinfectant!

34. Infectious Waste
Materials used to clean up blood spills (e.g. absorbent material, gloves) typically can go in general trash as long as they are bagged separately first
Contaminated sharp objects (e.g. used needles and broken glass) should always go in sharps container
Red biohazard bags require special disposal procedures. Use only if absorbent material is:
Saturated or dripping
Pourable
Avoid blood pooling in waste container

35. Post exposure procedures

36. What qualifies as a blood exposure?
“Exposure Incident” means a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact* skin, or parenteral** contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties.
*Non-intact skin includes skin with dermatitis, hang-nails, cuts, abrasions, chafing, acne, etc.
**Parenteral means piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier though such events as needle sticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions.
When an employee experiences an “exposure incident”, the employer must institute the required follow-up procedures in their plan.
Read slide contents directly.
Then,
Summarize by saying: “Exposure incident” means that an actual event has occurred where a route of exposure has been established in the affected worker.
When reading and implementing the requirements set forth in the bloodborne pathogens standard, it is important to understand the difference in meaning between “occupational exposure” and “exposure incident”.

37. Post-Exposure Procedures
Wash exposed area IMMEDIATELY!
Flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water.
Irrigate eyes with water or saline.
Report the exposure to supervisor and District Nurse.
Fill out a first report of injury and a copy of the Post Exposure Follow-up Packet(obtain from Health Services)
Seek assistance of health care professional to determine follow-up actions (if necessary).

38. Additional Post-Exposure Procedures
If possible, identify source individual
Attempt to get permission for a blood test from source individual (if authorized)
Blood testing for exposed individual (if authorized)
Findings & diagnosis must be kept confidential
Treatment and counseling by a physician available if needed

39. Training Offered to all employees covered in district’s BBP plan
Annual
Includes the following:
Background of Standard
Activities which may result in exposure
Safe work practices/PPE
How to handle clean-ups
Signs & symptoms of disease
Hepatitis B vaccination
Post exposure procedures

40. Recordkeeping Medical Training Exposure Incident
duration of employment + 30 years
Training
3 years
Exposure Incident

41. Quiz and Questions
Please click on the link below for the BBP Quiz. That will be your documentation of training for this year.
If you have any questions throughout the quiz, please contact Rachel Koehler with IEA at or