1. First Declension Nouns and Adjectives
Wheelock Chapter II
First Declension Nouns and Adjectives

2. Nouns Latin is an inflected language
Nouns have number, gender, and case.

3. Cases Nominative Case Genitive Case Dative Case
Used for the SUBJECT of a sentence
The poet is giving roses to the girl.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
My daughter is a poet.
Genitive Case
Used to indicate POSSESSION
The poems of the poet are terrific.
Dative Case
Used for the INDIRECT OBJECT

4. Cases Accusative Case Ablative Case Vocative Case
Used to indicate the DIRECT OBJECT of the verb
The poet is giving roses to the girl.
Ablative Case
Used for, uh, basically extra information
The poet is giving roses to the girl with care.
Vocative Case
Used for DIRECT ADDRESS
O poet, would you give these roses to the girl?

5. 1st Declension Nouns/Adjectives
Like we conjugate verbs by adding endings to a stem, we decline nouns by adding endings to a base.
Nouns will be listed by their nominative and genitive forms: poeta, poetae (or poeta, -ae)
*Identify which declension by the genitive
*Form the base by going to the genitive and dropping the genitive ending (-ae)

6. Declension of porta, -ae
Singular
Plural
Nominative
porta
the gate
portae
the gates
Genitive
of the gate
portārum
of the gates
Dative
to/for the gate
portīs
to/for the gates
Accusative
portam
portās
Ablative
portā
by/with/from the gate
by/with/from the gates
Vocative
O gate,
O gates,
*Notice that Latin lacks articles (a, an, the) which we must provide

7. Decline and translate puella, puellae

8. Translate the following nouns
puellam
puellās
puellae
patriās
patria
patriā
poenārum
poenīs

9. Adjectives
Adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in number, gender, and case!
Adjectives often follow the noun they modify (e.g. porta magna = the great gate)

10. Translate into Latin
By money
great life
of the girl
to the girls

11. Circle subjects. Underline direct objects. Translate.
Nautae rosās puellīs dant.
Nautīs rosās puellae dant.
Poēta puellās multās amat.
Magnus poēta nōn est sine famā.
Formam puellae meae videō.

12. Identify the case of the underlined noun. Then, translate.
Salvē, Ō patria!
Fāma et sententia volant.
Dā veniam puellae.
Clēmentia tua multās vītās servat.
Philosophia est ars vitae.

13. Identify the case of the underlined noun. Then, translate.
Mē philosophiae dō.
Īra creat īnsāniam.
Dēbēmus īram vītāre.
Nūlla avāritia sine poenā est. (nullus = no)
Rotam fortūnae nōn timent.

14. A B Chapter II Vocabulary 1. pecunia, -ae 5. magnus, -a, -um
2. vita, -ae
6. sed
3. forma, -ae
7. sine
4. multus, -a, -um
8. puella, -ae
9. Provide an English derivative from Column A.
10. Provide an English derivative from Column B.

15. What are the three characteristics of a Latin noun?
In what three ways must an adjective agree with the noun it is modifying?
What case is used for the subject?
Decline and translate nauta, nautae (sailor).
Translate the sentence and give the case of the underlined word.
Poēta puellās multās amat.
Dā veniam puellae.
Poēta puellam nōn amat.
Obdūrō, mea puella—sed sine tē nōn valeō.

16. BONUS
Literally meaning “I will love you,” what does amabō tē mean idiomatically?
What does Ad astra per aspera mean?
As we know, Romulus killed his brother, Remus, and gave his own name to Rome. What year did this happen?