1. Adjectives Accusative Nouns/Direct Objects Roman Numerals
Lesson II: Sicilia
Adjectives
Accusative Nouns/Direct Objects
Roman Numerals

2. fama
famae f.
report, fame

3. familia
familiae f.
family

4. fortuna
fortunae f.
fortune, luck

5. puella
puellae f.
girl

6. terra
terrae f.
earth, land

7. vita
vitae f.
life

8. bonus, bona, bonum
good

9. durus, dura, durum
hard

10. magnus, magna, magnum
great, large, big

11. parvus, parva, parvum
small, little

12. amant
they love, like

13. portant
they carry

14. the good dog the little dog the smart dog
Adjectives!
An adjective is a word used to describe a noun.
We say that an adjective modifies its noun.
the good dog
the little dog
the smart dog

15. Adjectives
The vocabulary lists gives you the 3 nominative forms of Latin adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
You must learn all 3 of these.
parvus, parva, parvum small
magnus, magna, magnum great, large

16. familia magna magna familia
Adjectives
In Latin, an adjective can come before or after its noun.
Let’s look at “the large family”:
familia magna
magna familia

17. Magnae silvae sunt bonae.
G-N-C!
In Latin, an adjective must agree with its noun in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE
The noun is the boss!
Familia est magna.
The family is large.
Magnae silvae sunt bonae.
Large forests are good.

18. Familia est magna.

19. Puella est parva.
Puellae sunt
parvae.

20. Daily Grade! Time To Practice! Textbook page 24, A) 1-4, 8, 10
COPY the sentences on a sheet of paper
Beneath each Latin sentence, TRANSLATE it into English.
Daily Grade!

21. fama
famae f.
report, fame

22. familia
familiae f.
family

23. fortuna
fortunae f.
fortune, luck

24. puella
puellae f.
girl

25. terra
terrae f.
earth, land

26. vita
vitae f.
life

27. bonus,
bona,
bonum
good

28. durus,
dura,
durum
hard

29. magnus,
magna,
magnum
great, large, big

30. parvus,
parva,
parvum
small, little

31. amant
they love, like

32. portant
they carry

33. Finding Direct Objects
A direct object follows an ACTION verb (not a linking verb like “is” and “are”).
The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb.
The girl holds the cat.
(Ask: what does the girl hold?)
Direct object: CAT
The boy feeds the dog.
(Ask: what does the boy feed?)
Direct object: DOG

34. Finding Direct Objects
The choir sang a song.
Subject----choir
Direct object----song
The girls like the forest.
Subject----girls
Direct object----forest

35. Take this REALLY HARD Quiz!
Which sentence is correct English?
I saw him at Pier Park.
I saw he at Pier Park.

36. Take this REALLY HARD Quiz!
Which sentence is correct English?
Adele is a great singer. I really like listening to she.
Adele is a great singer. I really like listening to her.

37. What just happened here?
You proved that you already KNOW how cases work…in English!
Romans also had correct cases for direct objects…check it out…

38. The Accusative Case Accusative endings: –am for singular
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence.
Accusative endings:
–am for singular
–as for plural.
Case Singular Plural
Nominative a ae
Genitive ae arum
Dative ae is
Accusative am as
Ablative a is

39. Now APPLY Your Grammar Rules…
The girls like the forest.
Girls=Subject
Subjects=Nominative Case
Girls=Nominative Case
puellae
Case Sg Pl.
Nom a ae
Gen ae arum
Dat ae is
Acc am as
Abl a is

40. Now APPLY the Accusative Here…
The girls like the forest.
Forest=Direct Object
Direct Objects=Accusative Case
Forest=Accusative Case
silvam
Case Sg Pl.
Nom a ae
Gen ae arum
Dat ae is
Acc am as
Abl a is

41. The girls like the forest.
Puellae silvam amant.
The girls like the forest.

42. Just like YOU wouldn’t say, “I really like he…”
The Romans wouldn’t say,
“Puellae silva amant” but
rather, “Puellae silvam amant.”

43. Practicing Accusative Direct Objects
Case Sg Pl.
Nom a ae
Gen ae arum
Dat ae is
Acc am as
Abl a is
The girls like water.
Puellae aqu__ amant.
The families carry water.
Familiae aqu__ portant.
The girls like the roads.
Puellae vi__ amant.
The families carry the girls.
Familiae puell__ portant. am am as as

44. Remember: Endings are everything!!!
What if we took 3 words and just scrambled their order
without changing their endings?
Puellae silvam amant.
Puellae amant silvam.
Silvam puellae amant.
Amant puellae silvam.
Amant silvam puellae.
ALL THESE SENTENCES MEAN
“THE GIRLS LIKE THE FOREST.” 
In Latin, WORD ENDINGS are more important than WORD ORDER.
Sometimes word order does follow certain rules, esp. in longer sentences.
Remember: Endings are everything!!!

45. Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant.
Translate the following sentences. “Cornelia” and “Iulia” are
girls’ names.
Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant.
Cornelia et Iulia parva familiam amant.
Cornelia et Iulia parvam familiam amant.
Cornelia et Iulia aquam portant.
Cornelia et Iulia aquam bonam portant.

46. The girls went to the mall. I saw the girls at the mall. sg. -a
Tell the case, number, and ending for the red words in these sentences:
The girl is my friend.
Shelia is a girl.
The girls went to the mall.
I saw the girls at the mall.
sg. -a
nominative
sg.
nominative -a
pl.
-ae
nominative
accusative
pl.
-as
Case Sg Pl.
Nom (subject) a ae
Gen ae arum
Dat ae is
Acc (direct obj.) am as
Abl a is

47. Daily Grade! Time To Practice! Textbook page 24, A) 5-7, 9
COPY the sentences on a sheet of paper
Beneath each Latin sentence, TRANSLATE it into English
Daily Grade!

48. fama
famae f.
report, fame

49. familia
familiae f.
family

50. fortuna
fortunae f.
fortune, luck

51. puella
puellae f.
girl

52. terra
terrae f.
earth, land

53. vita
vitae f.
life

54. bonus,
bona,
bonum
good

55. durus,
dura,
durum
hard

56. magnus,
magna,
magnum
great, large, big

57. parvus,
parva,
parvum
small, little

58. amant
they love, like

59. portant
they carry

60. Daily Grade! Sicilia p. 20 in your textbook
Write out the sentences I assign you and translate
each into English.
Daily Grade!

61. Sicilia est insula magna in Europa.
Magna est fama Siciliae (of Sicily),
sed fortuna Siciliae (of Sicily) non bona est.
In Sicilia vita est dura.
Terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae.
Magnae silvae in Sicilia non sunt.
Viae non bonae sed parvae sunt.
Vita est dura in Sicilia, et fortuna non bona est.
In Sicilia sunt parvae et magnae puellae.
Parvae puellae pupas (dolls) amant.
Magnae puellae aquam portant.
Familiae puellas amant.
Familiae Siciliam et famam Siciliae (of Sicily) amant, sed fortunam duram non amant.

62. What are Roman numerals?
There are 7 Roman numerals.
I = 1
V = 5
X = 10
L = 50
C = 100
D = 500
M = 1,000

63. How do Roman numerals work?
To add, place one or more numerals of equal or lesser value after a numeral. 3
III (I+I+I) 6
VI (V+I)
105
CV (C+V)

64. How do Roman numerals work?
To subtract, place a smaller numeral before a larger one. 9
IX (I – X) 4
IV (I – V)

65. Subtraction There are some rules about subtraction.
I, X and C (1, 10, 100) are the only numerals that can be subtracted.
I can only be subtracted from V and X.
X can only be subtracted from L and C.
C can only be subtracted from D and M.

66. Subtraction I V X L C D M I X C

67. How to write Roman numerals
Break down a number into its places: tens, hundreds, thousands
Write each section in Roman numerals
Arrange the results left-to-right. 46
40 + 6
XL + VI
XLVI
125
C+XX+V
CXXV

68. 53 178 29 543 2011 Let’s practice! 50 + 3 LIII 100 + 70+ 8 CLXXVIII
XXIX
DXLIII
2, MMXI

69. The girls like the families.
amant
Puellae
familias.
-AE
The girls like the families.
-AS

70. The girls like the families.
familias
amant.
Puellae
-AE
The girls like the families.
-AS

71. The families like the girls.
Familiae
amant
puellas.
-AS
The families like the girls.
-AE

72. The families like the girls.
Familiae
puellas
amant.
-AS
The families like the girls.
-AE

73. The families like the girl.
Familiae
puellam
amant.
-AM
The families like the girl.
-AE

74. The girls like the family.
familiam
amant.
Puellae
-AM
-AE
The girls like the family.