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DNA
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Contents of the Nucleus
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DNA vocab Deoxyribonucleic acid Chromosomes Chromatin Genes Genome
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Genetic Material: DNA vs RNA - compare and contrast.
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DNA Structure What is the structure called?
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Building blocks of DNA What are the building blocks of DNA?
What are the building blocks made of? (3 parts)
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How do they fit together?
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Try “replicating” this single strand of DNA
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What is the significance of the order of the nitrogenous bases?
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Protein Synthesis: Step 1: Make a Copy= “Transcription”
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Try Transcribing this piece of DNA into mRNA
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Why doesn’t the mRNA just stay inside the nucleus?
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Step 2: “Reading the code to make the protein = “Translation”
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Breaking “THE CODE”: An Analogy: “DNA is like a novel” Nitrogenous bases = “letters” Triplets = “words” A gene = “a sentence” A chromosome = “a chapter”
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The Code: How do you follow the mRNA code?
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Video on Protein Synthesis (includes tRNA)
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Try “DECODING” this piece of DNA Code
mRNA U Amino acids Methi-onine leucine valine isoleucine stop DNA T A C G mRNA Amino acids
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Great video on a cell’s life functions:
Here is the explanation of what is happening: Protein Production
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Protein Structure
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Genes WHAT are they? WHERE are they? How many genes do we have?
WHY are we storing the information for PROTEINS???
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Enzymes WHAT are they? What do they do?
Why do our DNA molecules store the instructions to make them?
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One Gene = One Protein? Human genome = approximately 25,000 genes
Number of proteins humans make is approximately 90,000. NOT SURE HOW THIS CAN BE!
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Gene Mutation
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Deletion Addition Substitution Positive Neutral Negative Mutagens
Example: Deletion The result can be a completely non-functional protein…doesn’t make sense. i.e THE CAT ATE THE RAT--- If you delete a base (letter) ‘C’ ---THE ATA TET HER ATH----- Deletion Addition Substitution Positive Neutral Negative Mutagens
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Another example: Original message: THE BIG DOG BIT TED AND RAN OFF ADDITION/FRAMESHIFT THE BIG FDO GBI TTE DAN DRA NOF F--
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What does Mutation have to do with Evolution?
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