1. DNA

2. Contents of the Nucleus

3. DNA vocab
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Genes
Genome

4. Genetic Material: DNA vs RNA - compare and contrast.

5. DNA Structure
What is the structure called?

6. Building blocks of DNA What are the building blocks of DNA?
What are the building blocks made of? (3 parts)

7. How do they fit together?

8. Try “replicating” this single strand of DNA

9. What is the significance of the order of the nitrogenous bases?

10. Protein Synthesis: Step 1: Make a Copy= “Transcription”

11. Try Transcribing this piece of DNA into mRNA

12. Why doesn’t the mRNA just stay inside the nucleus?

13. Step 2: “Reading the code to make the protein = “Translation”

14. Breaking “THE CODE”:
An Analogy:
“DNA is like a novel”
Nitrogenous bases =
“letters”
Triplets = “words”
A gene = “a sentence”
A chromosome = “a chapter”

15. The Code:
How do you follow the mRNA code?

16. Video on Protein Synthesis (includes tRNA)

17. Try “DECODING” this piece of DNA Code
mRNA U
Amino acids
Methi-onine
leucine
valine
isoleucine
stop
DNA T A C G
mRNA
Amino acids

18. Great video on a cell’s life functions:
Here is the explanation of what is happening:
Protein Production

19. Protein Structure

20. Genes WHAT are they? WHERE are they? How many genes do we have?
WHY are we storing the information for PROTEINS???

21. Enzymes WHAT are they? What do they do?
Why do our DNA molecules store the instructions to make them?

22. One Gene = One Protein? Human genome = approximately 25,000 genes
Number of proteins humans make is approximately 90,000.
NOT SURE HOW THIS CAN BE!

23. Gene Mutation

24. Deletion Addition Substitution Positive Neutral Negative Mutagens
Example: Deletion
The result can be a completely non-functional protein…doesn’t make sense.
i.e THE CAT ATE THE RAT---
If you delete a base (letter) ‘C’
---THE ATA TET HER ATH-----
Deletion
Addition
Substitution
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Mutagens

25. Another example:
Original message:
THE BIG DOG BIT TED AND RAN OFF
ADDITION/FRAMESHIFT
THE BIG FDO GBI TTE DAN DRA NOF F--

26. What does Mutation have to do with Evolution?