1. The European Age of Exploration
Graphic scene of violence here
Part II: Divide and Conquer, Colonize, Exploit, Enslave, Rape, Pillage and Kill

2. Pre-Columbian America
Central and South America
Most natives members of one of two major empires (they are ?)

3. Pre-Columbian America
North America
How many different tribal groups?
No “empires”

4. Tainos hung and burned after trying to escape
“Discovery”
Columbus begins the pattern of destruction
Others follow…
Hands of Arawaks cut off after attempted rebellion (must set an example)
Tainos hung and burned after trying to escape

5. Europe and the New World
The Columbian Exchange
(Europe, Africa, Western Hemisphere)
Population Growth
Due to new foodstuffs from New World

6. The Spanish in America Missions Economics
Plantations
Encomiendas (definition?) Natives are subjects of the monarch, therefore…
Las Casas – “Enslavement of the native people is wrong,” so…
Slavery (African)
Why are they brought to the New World by the Spanish?

7. Native American Populations
Original estimates low
Helped assuage European guilt
Disease! (main factor)
A modern adult with smallpox

8. EFFECTS FOR AMERICA Expansion of overseas territorial claims and
European migration to North and South America
Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires
Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule
in Latin America
Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved
Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns
of their parent countries
European plantation system in the Caribbean and the
Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged
the environment.

9. EFFECTS FOR AFRICA European trading posts along the coast
Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources

10. Global Trade – The Dutch (who?)
First to compete with Portugal
1599 – First shipment of spices from Asia (big profit)
Outposts in southern Africa (Capetown)
Leaders of commerce by late 1500s
Dutch East India Co.
First successful joint stock company
Like Exxon, but with guns
Take Malacca from Portugal in 1641, monopolize spice trade
New Amsterdam dominates NA fur trade
Amsterdam THRIVES! (“Paris of the North” – wealth, commerce and culture)
Capetown

11. Trade with the Sleeping Giant
The Ultimate Prize!
China was fixed in the European imagination as an exotic kingdom with fabulous wealth and luxury
Hesitant to trade with Europeans
Couldn’t offer better goods
Portuguese first to be granted privileges (minor) at Macao
Only accepted gold (major implications for European rulers, i.e., New World)
Protection of Chinese culture

12. Trade with the Sleeping Giant
Restrictive trade policies
Reflected Chinese conception of themselves as the “Middle Kingdom” (who needs Europe?)
Ming Dynasty Porcelain

13. EFFECTS FOR ASIA
Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)
Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent.
Southern India traded silks, spices, and gems.

14. China
Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade
Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences
and trade
Japan
Adopted a policy of isolation to limit foreign influences

15. England and France in America
England – creating an Empire
1580 – Drake returns
with $25 million
Jamestown – 1st permanent settlement – 1607
Seeking?
Massachusetts, Pilgrims, 1620, Mayflower Compact
Mostly as brutal as the Spanish

16. England and France in America
France – Focus on trade
Missionaries
Fur trade
Relations with Natives?
Alliances & Intermarriage

17. Part of a much larger trading network
Slave Trade
The triangular trade
A few triangles, actually
Part of a much larger trading network

18. The Triangular Trade

19. Theory has major implications for your homeland!
Mercantilism
Europe’s economic philosophy 1600s-1800s
Wealth is finite (premise)
Increase of one nation’s requires decrease of another’s
Measured in a nation’s holdings (gold, silver)
Goal?
Favorable balance of trade (?)
All transactions benefit “mother country”
Colonies exist solely to serve “her”
Theory has major implications for your homeland!

20. The Commercial Revolution
(2) Due to this new Age of Exploration, Europeans changed basic economic practices!
Banks added services to meet the needs of exploration.
Cities began to produce coins with fixed values.
The Commercial Revolution
Joint-Stock Company: Owners raised money by selling shares, or stock, in the company to investors. Would you take the financial risk?

21. How did things change?
Banks began to add services to meet the needs of exploration!
Lending money to people like Columbus…
Merchants and trades-people needed a standard system of money

22. Joint-stock company Like the stock market
A business organization that developed during the Age of Exploration
Owners raised money by selling shares, or stock, in the company
Raised large sums of money from investors to finance exploration!

23. Nike Stock $1 Scenario A: Scenario B: New Jordan’s are a hit!
Sales of Air Jordan’s in 2012 explode
Stock is now worth $5!
Scenario B:
Jordan arrested on drug charges!
Sales of Air Jordan’s in 2012 plummet
Stock is now only worth $0.25!

24. Mercantilism – a country’s government should do all it could to increase the country’s wealth.
Favorable balance of trade: Sell (or export) more goods than you buy (or import) from foreign countries
Tariffs: Import taxes on goods coming into the country
Subsidies: Grants of money to help business people start new industries
Colonies: Ideally, lands were rich in gold, silver, and raw materials

25. Tariff Ford – American made Honda – Japanese made
Honda pays a tariff when it brings Honda Accords to the U.S. They add that additional cost to the price of the good.