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AHSGE Social Studies Standard I.
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What European movement resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods (after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from Muslims?
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Crusades
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What European movement resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought?
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Renaissance
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What European movement resulted in the rise of the protestant religion?
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Reformation
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What terms are used to describe the exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas after Columbus's discovery?
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Columbian Exchange
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What were the Spanish explorers called who searched for "God, gold, and glory"?
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Conquistadors
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What was the name of the first American settlement in 1665 by Europeans?
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St. Augustine
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What was the first successful English settlement in the New World (1607)?
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Jamestown
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What was the legislature of the Virginia colony called (the first representative government in the New World)?
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House of Burgesses
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What was the main reason for the American colonies protestation against British rule?
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Taxation
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What war put the English into debt and forced them to tax and closely monitor the troops in Boston?
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French and Indian War
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What acts were enforced by the English that were already in place
What acts were enforced by the English that were already in place? (1760's)
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Navigation Acts
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What occurred in 1770 that resulted in 5 colonists being shot and killed by British troops in Boston?
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Boston Massacre
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In 1773 Bostonians protested the Tea Act by staging what famous event?
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Boston Tea Party
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The first skirmishes of the Revolutionary War occurred in what two towns?
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Lexington and Concord
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AHSGE Standard II.
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What famous English document (signed in 1215 by King John I) was the beginning point for representative government and protection of individual rights?
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Magna Carta
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Jefferson used this idea (Dec. of Ind
Jefferson used this idea (Dec. of Ind.), which allows for a people to overthrow its rulers if their natural rights are no longer being protected.
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Social Contract Theory
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Who was the English philosopher who greatly influenced Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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John Locke
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What French philosopher came up with the idea of a three-branch government?
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Montesquieu
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What religious movement occurred in the 1730s and 1740s in the colonies?
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Great Awakening
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What was the first meeting called when 12 colonies sent delegates to Philadelphia to discuss British tyranny (and take action)?
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First Continental Congress
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What group sent the Olive Branch Petition and wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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Second Continental Congress
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What document was sent to the British informing them of colonial independence?
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Declaration of Independence
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What was the first set of laws governing the U.S.?
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Articles of Confederation
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What famous convention was held to replace the Articles of Confederation with a more centralized government?
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Constitutional Convention
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What was the solution to the problem of representation at the convention called?
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Great Compromise
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What was the solution to the problem of how to count slaves for representation purposes?
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Three-fifths Compromise
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The Constitution allows for power to be shared between the national government and the states. What kind of system is this?
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Federalism
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The opening paragraph of the Constitution ("We the people
The opening paragraph of the Constitution ("We the people...") is called what?
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Preamble
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The Constitution calls for a three-branch government creating a separation of what?
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Powers
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What is the clause called which gives Congress broad powers?
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Elastic Clause
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A word for word interpretation of the Constitution is called...
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Strict Construction
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A broad interpretation of the Constitution is called...
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Loose Construction
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What amendment abolished slavery?
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13th
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What amendment guarantees protection of the laws for all citizens?
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14th
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What amendment gave the vote to African American males?
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15th
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What amendment gave the vote to women?
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19th
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What papers were written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the Constitution?
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The Federalist Papers
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What addition was made to the Constitution giving further protection for individual rights?
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Bill of Rights
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What two political parties emerged after the debate over ratification of the Constitution?
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Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
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Who developed the economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790's?
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Alexander Hamilton
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Who warned Americans about competing political parties in his farewell address?
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George Washington
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Who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and helped shape a powerful national government?
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John Marshall
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What famous Supreme Court ruling established judicial review?
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Marbury v. Madison
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AHSGE Standard III.
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What act of colonial protestation resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts being passed by the British parliament?
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Boston Tea Party
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What document was sent to King George III as a final attempt at peace by the colonists in 1775?
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Olive Branch Petition
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What American colonist gave the famous speech stating, "give me liberty or give me death?"
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Patrick Henry
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Who served as the commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War?
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George Washington
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Who was the leader of the Sons of Liberty?
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Samuel Adams
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Who made the famous ride warning colonists that the "Redcoats were coming"?
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Paul Revere
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What battle was the turning point in the Revolutionary War (resulting in France becoming our ally)?
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Saratoga
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Where were Washington's troops encamped during the harsh winter of 1777-1778?
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Valley Forge
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What was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War (Cornwallis surrendered to Washington)?
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Yorktown
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What was the treaty called which gave the U. S
What was the treaty called which gave the U.S. its independence from Great Britain?
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Treaty of Paris 1783
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The U.S. fought the British again in what war?
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War of 1812
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What law was passed by Jefferson that disallowed trade with other nations (including Britain) and led to the War of 1812?
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Embargo Act
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What term was used to describe the British navy forcing Americans into service?
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Impressment
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What ordinance was passed in 1785 that divided territory in the old northwest into townships?
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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What ordinance passed in 1787 disallowed slavery in the old northwest?
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Northwest Ordinance
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What action allowed Jefferson to double the size of the U.S. in 1803?
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Louisiana Purchase
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Who did Jefferson hire to explore the west?
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Lewis & Clark
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The post-War of 1812 years were called what (because of prosperity, one political party, etc.)?
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Era of Good Feelings
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What year did Alabama become a state?
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1819
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What famous speech outlined American foreign policy in 1823?
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Monroe Doctrine
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What law forced the five civilized tribes of the southeast to evacuate
What law forced the five civilized tribes of the southeast to evacuate? (Jackson's tenure)
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Indian Removal Act
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What event resulted in the Cherokees marching at gunpoint from GA to OK (1838)?
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Trail of Tears
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List four major trails used by settlers in the western part of the U.S..
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Santa Fe, Oregon, Mormon, California
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Describe the southern economy before the Civil War.
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Agriculture: mainly cotton
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Describe the northern economy before the Civil War.
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Balanced: industrial and agricultural
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What country did Texas gain its independence from in 1836?
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Mexico
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What was the U.S. goal (or fate) named which called for the acquisition of territory in the west (extending the country from sea to sea)?
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Manifest Destiny
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Why did the U.S. fight Mexico (Mexican War) in 1846-1848?
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Land acquisition (California and New Mexico territories)
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What famous meeting in 1848 called for women to demand greater equality and opportunity in the U.S.?
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Seneca Falls Convention
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Who hosted this convention?
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Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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What white abolitionist from Massachusetts produced The Liberator?
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William Lloyd Garrison
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What black abolitionist from Maryland produced The North Star?
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Frederick Douglass
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What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad?
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To aid the escaped slaves
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What black woman used the Underground Railroad to help liberate hundreds of slaves?
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Harriet Tubman
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During the reform period of the 1830s and 1840s much of the public called for abstinence from what?
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alcohol consumption
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What woman led reform in prisons in the U.S.?
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Dorothea Dix
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Who led reform in education in the 1800s?
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Horace Mann
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What religious movement in the early 1800s influenced people to help others (leading to all of these reform movements)?
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Second Great Awakening
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What were the communities called which tried to make a "perfect society"?
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Utopian communities
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Who founded the Mormon faith? Who led the Mormons to Utah?
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Joseph Smith Brigham Young
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What War of 1812 battle resulted in the protection of Baltimore and Francis Scott Key's inspiring "Star Spangled Banner"? William Lloyd Garrison
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Ft. McHenry
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What War of 1812 battle did Jackson defeat the Creek Indians in AL?
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Horseshoe Bend
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What War of 1812 battle did Jackson defeat the British after a truce was called?
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New Orleans
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Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) insured that the national government controlled interstate commerce?
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Gibbons v. Ogden
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Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) ruled that the national bank was in fact constitutional?
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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What president gets credit for establishing the spoils system?
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Andrew Jackson
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South Carolina's attempt to void the Tariff of 1832 was called the...
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Nullification Crisis
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Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau were writers of what movement?
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Transcendentalism
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AHSGE Standard IV.
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What congressional solution made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories?
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Compromise of 1850
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What part of the solution in the Compromise of 1850 upset many northerners (there were five parts of this solution)?
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Fugitive Slave Law
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What act supported by Stephen Douglas gave popular sovereignty to two territories just west of Missouri?
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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What political party was formed in the 1850's that supported the anti-slavery platform (also, it is known as the party of Lincoln)?
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Republican
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What famous court case upheld the right of slave owners as property holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases?
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Scott v. Sanford (Dred Scott decision)
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Who led the massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, NE and led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry?
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John Brown
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Who won the presidential election in 1860?
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Abraham Lincoln
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What state was the first to secede from the Union in 1860?
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South Carolina
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What county in Alabama never seceded from the Union?
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Winston County
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What state was actually split over the decision to secede and eventually became two states?
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Virginia (West Virginia)
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What was the most famous of the Black military units to fight in the Civil War?
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54th Massachusetts
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What act passed by the Republican dominated congress (during the Civil War) gave large land grants to states from the federal government?
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Homestead Act
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What act passed by the Republican dominated congress (during the Civil War) gave large land grants to states from the federal government?
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Morill Land Grant Act
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What did Lincoln pass on Jan
What did Lincoln pass on Jan. 1, 1863 granting freedom to slaves in the Confederate states in rebellion?
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Emancipation Proclamation
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What did Lincoln suspend during the Civil War, depriving many citizens of their civil rights?
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Writ of Habeas Corpus
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What was the first major battle of the Civil War?
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First Bull Run
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What battle resulted in the single bloodiest day of the Civil War
What battle resulted in the single bloodiest day of the Civil War? First Bull Run
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Antietam
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What major three-day battle did the Confederates (under Lee) lose in Pennsylvania?
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Gettysburg
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What battle in Mississippi resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the Union?
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Vicksburg
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What Union general captured Atlanta and continued southeast to Savannah destroying everything in his path?
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General Tecumseh Sherman
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What famous speech was given by Lincoln at a consecration ceremony where he reminded Americans of the basic ideal, "All men are created equal?"
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Gettysburg Address
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Where did Robert E. Lee surrender to Grant in 1865?
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Appomattox Courthouse
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What was the program called that returned southern states to the Union, rebuilt the South's infrastructure, and attempted to protect the rights of free blacks?
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Reconstruction
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What were the laws called passed by southern states attempting to control freedmen and keeping them in a subservient position?
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Black Codes
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What were northerners called who moved to the South, voted Republican, and were scorned by southerners after the Civil War?
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Carpetbaggers
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What were southerners called who voted Republican after the Civil War?
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Scalawags
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What southern secret society emerged during the Reconstruction that harassed, tormented, and killed blacks demanding equality?
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Ku Klux Klan
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What man served as president during Reconstruction and whose legacy (as president) is remembered as being very corrupt?
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President Grant
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What congressional solution resulted in Hayes winning the presidential election in 1876 and Reconstruction ending?
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Compromise of 1877
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What were the laws called passed in southern states after Reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting?
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Jim Crow Laws
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What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers rented land to grow crops?
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Tenant farming
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What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers were forced to share crops with landowners?
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Sharecropping
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What animal was hunted and heavily relied upon by Plains Indians?
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buffalo
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What 19th century technological innovation led to the rapid settlement of the western territories?
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railroads
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Many Native Americans were forced to live on...
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reservations
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What great Apache leader surrendered to the U.S. in 1886?
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Geronimo
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Custer and his cavalry were destroyed by the _____ at the Battle of _______________.
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Sioux, Little Big Horn
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Who was the leader of the Sioux nation at the previous battle?
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Sitting Bull
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The United States government attempted to settle Indians on plots of land to farm with what act?
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Dawes Act
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What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U. S
What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U.S. troops in 1890?
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Massacre at Wounded Knee
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What were the settlers called who staked legal claims to land in Oklahoma? Boomer Illegal claims?
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Sooners
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How as the plow improved during the late 1800s?
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Plowed several furrows at once.
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Why did the open ranges used by cattle disappear?
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Barbwire
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How did cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets?
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long drives, train
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What types of new equipment was developed for farming in the late 1800s?
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cornhuskers, cornbinders, steam powered threshers
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List three complaints of farmers in the late 1800s.
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decline in crop prices, tariffs, deflation
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How did the farmers organize themselves to fight big business?
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Farmer's Alliance
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What was the name given to the farmers who organized themselves politically during this period?
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The Grange
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Who was the presidential candidate in 1896 for the Populists?
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James Weaver
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What two energy sources were used to power factories in the late 1800s?
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Westinghouse and Alternating currents
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Who invented the light bulb and electric generators?
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Thomas Edison
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Who invented the telephone?
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Alexander Graham Bell
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What types of industry was Alabama involved in during the late 1800s?
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steel
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What were the captains of industry referred to during the late 1800s?
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Robber Barons
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List three important captains of industry during this time period.
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Carnegie, Rockefeller, Samuel Dodd
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What theory was used to promote competition in the marketplace?
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Social Darwinism
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What idea was promoted by Andrew Carnegie that stated the wealthy should give back riches to the community?
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Gospel of Wealth
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What novelist wrote many fictional stories promoting hte "rags to riches" theme?
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Horatio Alger
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What types of labor problems did early unions try and correct?
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unsafe working conditions, low wages, shorter working hours
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What was the movement called which promoted change in government, business, and social welfare?
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Progressivism
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What did Theodore Roosevelt call journalists who were intent on exposing corruption at the turn of the century?
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Muckrakers
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What novel was highly acclaimed for exposing problems in the meatpacking industry?
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The Jungle
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What journalist wrote an expose on Standard Oil?
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Ida Tarbell
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Who was the African-American who encouraged blacks to seek social justice and equality and was an early leader of the NAACP?
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W.E.B. DuBois
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What was the movement called that DuBois lead?
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Niagara Movement
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Who was the African American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881?
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Booker T. Washington
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What African American man was famous for his work as an agricultural scientist?
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George Washington Carver
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What famous Supreme Court decision upheld segregation in 1896?
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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What amendment to the Constitution introduced an income tax?
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16th
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What amendment introduced prohibition as a national law?
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18th
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What amendment made the election of senators by popular vote?
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17th
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What president introduced important conservation methods to preserve millions of acres of western lands?
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Theodore Roosevelt
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What act was passed during Wilson's tenure that was intended to break up monopolies?
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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How did Wilson change the banking system in the United States in 1913?
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Established the Federal Reserve System
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What commission was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of businesses?
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Federal Trade Commission
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What three parties entered a candidate for president in 1912
What three parties entered a candidate for president in 1912? Republicans, Progressive, Democrats Who won?
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Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
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The United States joined European nations in a race to conquest smaller, "uncivilized" nations and to gain access to their resources and markets. This was known as _________.
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Imperialism
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What territory was annexed by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean in 1898?
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Hawaii
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What war did the U.S. become involved in in 1898?
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Spanish-American War
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What name was given to the sensationalistic journalism that served as a major cause of the Spanish-American War?
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Yellow Journalism
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What group of volunteers did T
What group of volunteers did T. Roosevelt lead in the famous charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill?
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Rough Riders
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What group of islands in the south Pacific did the U. S
What group of islands in the south Pacific did the U.S. gain control over as a result of the defeat of the Spanish?
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Philippines
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President Roosevelt led the movement to build what canal in Central America?
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Panama Canal
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What addendum to the Monroe Doctrine was made by Roosevelt justifying American intervention in the South American nations in trouble?
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Roosevelt Corollary
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How did Taft's foreign diplomacy differ from Roosevelt's?
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Dollar Diplomacy
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What were the long term causes of the first World War?
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Imperialism, Militarism, Nationalism, Alliances
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What was the immediate cause of WWI?
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The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Why did the U.S. enter the war?
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Sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Note
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What types of technological innovations were used in WWI?
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Tank and submarine
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What treaty ended WWI?
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Treaty of Versailles
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What was the purpose of imperialism?
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To expand your country
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What type of fighting took place in World War I?
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Trench Warfare
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Who came up with the idea of the tank?
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British
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What type of technological innovation did the Germans bring to WWI?
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Submarine
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Who were the Central Powers?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
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Who were the Allied Powers?
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France, Britain, U.S., Russia, Italy
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What acts contributed to the Nativist hatred of immigrants especially during and after WWI?
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espionage and sedition
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Name several groups of people who benefited from the diminished workforce during WWI.
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Women, African-Americans, Mexican Americans
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Which country refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles because the League of Nations was included in it?
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United States
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Name the organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all members.
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League of Nations
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Which president supported the League of Nations?
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Woodrow Wilson
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Which political party rejected the League of Nations?
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Republicans
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An intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas that gripped the U.S. during the 1920s.
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Red Scare
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Trial in which two immigrants were given an unfair trial due to their ethnic background and were eventually put to death.
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Name of the summer in 1919 in which race riots erupted in about 25 cities nationwide.
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Red Summer
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By 1922, this organization's membership had grown to about 100,000 and by 1924 to 4 million.
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Ku Klux Klan
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Migration of blacks from the South to the North for jobs.
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Great Migration
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A number limit set up by laws to limit annual immigration.
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Quota
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This type of immigration was banned altogether in the 1920s.
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Asian immigration
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List several technological innovations in the 1920s.
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Cars, planes, home appliances
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African American literary awakening of the 1920s.
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Harlem Renaissance
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African American author of "Their Eyes were Watching God",
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Zora Neale Hurston
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List three leading poets/writers of the Harlem Renaissance.
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Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes
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This type of music grew out of African American music in the south, especially ragtime and blues.
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Jazz
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What type of age is the 1920s referred to as?
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Jazz Age
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Illegal bars that flourished during prohibition.
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Speakeasies
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Case over the teaching the theory of evolution in the classroom.
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Scopes Trial
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During the Great Depression, this made farmers unable to repay their debts for land and machinery.
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Falling farm prices
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Allowed investors to purchase a stock for only a fraction of its price (10-15%) and borrow the rest.
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Buying on margin
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The severe economic decline that lasted from 1929 until the U. S
The severe economic decline that lasted from 1929 until the U.S.'s entry into WWII in 1941.
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Great Depression
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Houses made out of cardboard paper or scrap metal.
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Hoovervilles
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A region in the Great Plains where drought and dust storms took place for much of the 1930s.
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Duct Bowl
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During his first 100 days Franklin D. Roosevelt pushed this program.
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The New Deal
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This New Deal program insured bank deposits up to $5,000.
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
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This public works project was created in 1933 to help farmers and create jobs and hydroelectric power.
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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This program put over 2.5 million unmarried men to work.
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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This program gave jobs building or improving roads, parks, airports, and other facilities to the unemployed.
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Civil Works Administration
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This program provided old-age pensions, disability payments and unemployment benefits.
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Social Security
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FDR created this in response to critics who said he was not doing enough for ordinary Americans.
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The Second New Deal
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Name the Axis Powers in WWII.
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Germany, Italy, Japan
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Name the Allies.
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U.S., Britain, France, USSR
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Giving in to someone's demands in order to keep peace.
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Appeasement
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Conference in which Britain and France agreed to let Hitler have the Sudetenland.
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Munich Conference
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On Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded this country creating WWII.
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Poland
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A German tactic in which tanks, soldiers, and moving trucks rapidly attack and are there before the foe has time to react.
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Blitzkrieg
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This country began to expand in the Pacific, controlling most of China by 1940.
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Japan
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On Dec. 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked....
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Pearl Harbor
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Women participated in the military during the war by belonging to which organizations?
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WASPS, WAVES, and WAC's
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This battle was the turning point of the war in the east.
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Stalingrad
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Leader of the U.S. during the war.
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F. Roosevelt
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Leader of the USSR during the war.
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Stalin
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Leader of Germany during the war.
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Hitler
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Leader of Great Britain during the war.
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Churchill
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Leader of Italy during the war.
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Mussolini
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After this battle, Japan was unable to launch any more offensive operations in the Pacific.
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Midway
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Japanese suicide planes.
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Kamikazes
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Top secret project to create the atomic bomb.
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Manhattan Project
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U.S. military leader in Europe.
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Eisenhower
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U.S. military leader in the Pacific.
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McArthur
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Places where prisoners of war and political prisoners are confined, usually under harsh conditions.
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Concentration camps
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Where did the U.S. drop the atomic bomb?
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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