1. Unit 4 Test Review
Answers

2. Chapter 11

3. Cotton Gin Who invented? Why is it significant? Eli Whitney
Led to the expansion of slavery
Increased profit and productivity

4. Erie Canal Where is it located? Why is it significant?
Runs east to west from Buffalo, NY to New York, NY
Why is it significant?
Faster, more efficient form of transportation
Benefitted commerce (business)

5. Interchangeable Parts
Who invented?
Why is it significant?
Allowed goods to be massed produced
More efficient

6. Factory System Required fewer skills of workers
Led America to great wealth

7. Tariffs
Define: a tax on imported goods North— supported high tariffs because it protected their businesses and ensured Americans would purchase their goods. South– opposed high tariffs because it increased the price of manufactured goods from foreign countries.

9. Chapter 12

10. Andrew Jackson Before Jackson After Jackson
Government had been run for the people by the well educated (rich) leaders
During
Rise of the common man
Government for the people and run BY THE PEOPLE (Democracy)
Vetoed the charter of the second National Bank
Removed Native Americans to Oklahoma
Nullification Crisis
After Jackson
National Bank destroyed = money problems
Manifest Destiny in full force

11. Indian Removal Act
Gave Andrew Jackson the power to negotiate resettlement treaties with the Native Americans and allowed the states to make laws governing their territory.
Jackson thought this act was a fabulous compromise. He believe it would allow the natives to keep their way of life and also allow Americans to get the land they wanted.
Forced Cherokees to move into “Indian Territory”– West of the Mississippi River
Led to the “Trail of Tears”
Harsh conditions… dragged out of homes into the cold and rain

12. Nullification Crisis
US government imposed a high tariff to protect the Northern industry (nicknamed Tariff of Abomination) that set off a debate in Congress.
South Carolina threatened to secede because they were being forced to pay it.
John C. Calhoun insisted that if a state felt that a federal law was in direct conflict with the state’s best interest, the state could declare federal laws unconstitutional and nullify it.

13. Election of 1828
Seeking revenge from the “corrupt bargain” of the Election of 1824, Jackson ran again against John Quincy Adams.
Voting rights had been extended to include ALL men. (All white men rather than all white, wealthy men.)
Viewed as a more democratic election.

14. Spoils System “To the victor belongs the spoils”
Made popular by President Andrew Jackson
Filled government jobs with political supporters

15. Chapter 13

16. Manifest Destiny “Obvious Fate”
Idea that America had the GOD GIVEN RIGHT to pursue it’s dreams (more land, more wealth, and more international power)
Overall goal was to control territory from coast to coast
We used this belief to justify all the things we had to do in order to achieve those goals (war treaties, land purchases, removal of the Indians, discrimination against the other native inhabitants, boundary disputes, annexation of land, etc.)

17. Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Includes:
Signed by President James Polk
Ended war with Mexico
Recognized Texas as being part of the US
Includes:
California
Nevada
Utah
Arizona
New Mexico
Completed Manifest Destiny

18. Chapter 14

19. Temperance Movement
Goal was to change “moderation” of drinking to “total abstinence”
Supporters warned people of the dangers of alcohol

20. Dorthea Dix What reform did he/she fight for?
She worked to help reform the prison system and help those with mental disabilities get fair treatment and care
She helped to create separate facilities for mentally ill patients

21. Sojourner Truth What reform did he/she fight for?
Equal rights for women
Expressed her concern that the Constitution did not talk about the rights of African Americans
How is he/she remembered today?
African American woman who was born a slave
Wrote “Ain’t I a Woman?” to explain how black women and white women were treated differently

22. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
What reform did he/she fight for?
Participating in social movements in support of women’s suffrage, temperance, and abolition

23. Horace Mann What reform did he/she fight for?
Formation of public schools
He thought the government should pay for public school for all children

24. Henry David Thoreau What reform did he/she fight for?
Part of the Transcendentalism literary movement
Believed in the importance of individualism, he urged people not to obey laws they considered unjust
Encouraged civil disobedience
(peacefully disobeying a law , instead of using violence)

25. Seneca Falls Convention
Promoted equal rights for women
Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
They (women) wanted the same rights as men.

26. Second Great Awakening
A time of renewed religious interest
The idea that people could act to make things better
Urged people to give up their sins and help others

27. Free Enterprise Property Is owned by individuals and business
Little of no government control
The desire to make a profit motivates individuals
Competition is encouraged

28. Immigration
California Gold Rush caused a rush of settlers into California
Many Chinese found jobs as railroad workers
Influx of people created a need for a more effective government

29. Mormon Migration
Religious persecution forced Mormons to move many times
Brigham Young and the Mormons found a new home in Utah