1. Warm UP
Define these terms using the Mastering the Grade 8 Social Studies TEKS on your own paper.
Domestic policy
Foreign policy
Precedent
Political parties
Neutrality

2. OBJECTIVE
8.5 Understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic.
8.5 A Describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic.
8.5 C Explain the origin (starting place) and development of American Political Parties.

3. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)

4. The 1st President
Being the fist president, was very hard for Washington.
He had no example to follow.
He knew the world would be analyzing his every move.
He believed the president should have power to act as president, but he feared any time he used his presidential powers he would be viewed by the people as trying to be a king.
He, also, knew that anything he did would set precedence for future presidents, and it did.

5. George Washington 1st President of United States of America
Major Challenges for the New President
Define authority of Central Government
Create a stable economic system $$$
Build a military
Maintain National Security
Conduct Foreign relations
Make treaties with Native Americans

6. Washington Needs help to meet challenge
President Washington is going to start with adding a cabinet to the executive branch because he can not accomplish those challenges by himself. He needs some people to advise him that are experts in that area.

7. Washington’s Cabinet Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury $$$$
Henry Knox – secretary of War
Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State

8. Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was passed by Congress.
It set up 13 district courts (1 per state).
It set up 3 circuit courts (1 per region). These were appellate courts.

9. First Chief Justice
John Jay was appointed as the first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

10. The Bill of Rights Were Adopted
In December 1791, the Bill of Rights were officially added to the Constitution.

11. Hamilton’s Economic Plan
Whiskey Tax
Tax on whiskey to raise money from Western farmers
New tax caused hostility among western farmer. Farmers refused to pay the tax and threaten the tax collectors. Washington had to send the militia to put down the rebellion
Protective Tariff
Tariff on imported goods to protect American goods.
Tariff was defeated because the Southern states opposed the high tariff rates it would make it harder for Southerners to sale their crops to Britain.
National Bank
Place to deposit taxes
Provide sound currency
Make loans to National government.
Jefferson is against the National Bank not in Constitution as a Federal power
Repay the Debt
Combing the National and state debt to establish the nation’s credit.

12. War Bonds Should war bonds be paid at their full value?
Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury, said yes. He believed full payment was necessary to gain the trust of the people.
Opposition in the South claimed that only speculators would profit from full payments and since most war bonds were issued in the North, they did not feel responsible for paying them back.
In a compromise, the South agreed to paying full value for the war bonds in exchange for moving the capital further south. The new capital would be moved to an independent area called the District of Columbia and the Capital would be called Washington.

13. Creating a National Bank
Should there be a national bank?
Madison and Jefferson said “no”. It would only benefit the wealthy and the Constitution did not allow for it.
Hamilton disagreed. He argued it was an implied power in the Constitution and Congress did have the power to create a bank.
Washington agreed and signed the bill creating the First National Bank.

14. The Whiskey Tax $$$$$ The Whiskey Tax
Whiskey was made from left over grain grown by farmers.
Hamilton saw it as extra cash and created a law taxing the whiskey.
The farmers felt the tax was unfair, because only farmers had to pay it.
$$$$$

15. The Whiskey Rebellion
A group of farmers protested the whiskey tax by attacking tax collectors homes and burning federal buildings. This is known as the Whiskey Rebellion.
Washington gathered an army and crushed the rebellion.
Washington’s victory proved two things:
It proved that Washington could raise an army when needed.
It sent a message to the people that the proper way to protest was to contact their congressman.

16. Tariffs $$$$$ $$$$$ Should there be a tariff?
Hamilton proposed a tariff, tax on imports, to protect American industry.
The South, led by Jefferson and Madison, voted against the tariff concerned that it forced citizens to pay higher prices.
The protective tariff passed anyway, but the South continued to fight against it.

17. How a Protective Tariff Works
In America
In Britain
When shipped to America, a .75 cents tariff is added to the price of British socks
American-made socks sell for 2.00 a pair
British-made socks sell for 1.75 a pair
British-made socks sell for 2.50 a pair
This is why the Southern states were against the tariff

18. Come up with your own example of what a tariff process
What is a tariff?
Come up with your own example of what a tariff process

19. How a Protective Tariff Works
In America
In Britain
When shipped to America, a .75 cents tariff is added to the price of British socks
American-made socks sell for 2.00 a pair
British-made socks sell for 1.75 a pair
British-made socks sell for 2.50 a pair
This is why the Southern states were against the tariff

20. Ticket Out door
1) list 3 challenges George Washington faced during his time in office
2) List 3 things that were accomplished during his time in office
3) List domestic issues that arose due to Hamilton’s Financial Plan
4) Why did Jefferson & Madison disagree with the Creation of the Nation Bank. 1 2

21. Hamilton’s Plan Created the formation of the first Political Parties
OBJ: 8.5 C Explain the origin and development of American political parties.
Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans

22. Formation of Political Parties
Replacing the Articles of Confederation
Process of Ratification of the U.S. Constitution
Early development of political Parties
Federalist—Strong Central Government
Anti– Federalist
Weak Central Government and strong State

23. Political Parties Formed
Process of Ratification of the U.S. Constitution
Early development of political Parties
Replacing the Articles of Confederation
Federalist—Strong Central Government
Anti– Federalist
Weak Central Government and strong State
U.S. Constitution Approved
Election for
President
Federalist
Created a strong Central Government
Anti-Federalist
added The Bill of Rights
George Washington Elected President
Unanimously voted for 2 terms as President
Created a Cabinet to help him run the country
Hamilton selected as Secretary of Treasury

24. Early development of political Parties
Replacing the Articles of Confederation
Process of Ratification of the U.S. Constitution
Early development of political Parties
Federalist—Strong Central Government
Anti– Federalist
Weak Central Government and strong State
U.S. Constitution Approved
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Election for
President
Federalist
Created a strong Central Government
Anti-Federalist
added The Bill of Rights
George Washington Elected President
Continued Federalist and Anti-Federalist disagreements
Leads to the Early development of
Political Parties
Unanimously voted for 2 terms as President
Created a Cabinet to help him run the country
Hamilton selected as Secretary of Treasury

25. Hamilton’s Financial Plan
U.S. Constitution Approved
Federalist
Created a strong Central Government
Anti-Federalist
added The Bill of Rights
Election for
President
George Washington Elected President
Unanimously voted for 2 terms as President
Created a Cabinet to help him run the country
Hamilton selected as Secretary of Treasury
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Continued Federalist and Anti-Federalist disagreements
Leads to the Early development of Political Parties
Splits Washington’s cabinet
Hamilton’s Plan– created a Nation Bank,
Strong Central Government
*National Bank *Assumption of State *Debt *Nation factories
Thomas Jefferson– Democratic Republican
Disapprove of National Bank, thinks States have more power
Democratic– Republican
Opposed Hamilton’s economic policies
Concern about powers of states

26. Hamilton’s Financial Plan
George Washington Elected President
Created a Cabinet to help him run the country
Hamilton selected as Secretary of Treasury
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Splits Washington’s cabinet
Hamilton’s Plan– created a Nation Bank, Strong Central Government
*National Bank *Assumption of State *Debt *Nation factories
Thomas Jefferson– Democratic Republican
Disapprove of National Bank, thinks States have more power
Democratic– Republican
Opposed Hamilton’s economic policies
Concern about powers of states
Continued
Federalist
and Anti-Federalist disagreements
Leads to the Early development of Political Parties
Washington’s Farwell Address
No PDA
No Political Parties
No Debt No
Alliances
John Adams Elected
Divisions continue to grow with in the country
Political Parties have formed
Federalist-
Strong Central Government
Industrial
Democratic - Republican Weak Central Gov’t and Strong State Gov’t
Farmers/small guy

27. Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
Main Party Leaders
Alexander Hamilton and
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison
Constitutional Views
Loose constructionists: the national government should take all steps needed to govern the nation
Strict constructionist: the national government should only have powers expressly listed in the Constitution
Views on Government
Favored a strong federal government
Favored states’ rights
Views on Foreign policy
Pro-British: Federalists feared the French Revolution as an example of mob rule
Pro-French: Jefferson was sympathetic to the French Revolution
Main Supporters
Merchants and manufactures
Farmers and skilled craftsmen
Who should vote
Only those meeting property qualifications
Vote should be open to all adult males

28. Events during Washington Presidency
Problems with Indians
Indians were attacking western settlements.
Washington made treaties with many Indian tribes, but Americans ignored the treaties and continued to move west.
With the British urging them on, the Indians continued to attack various American settlements.

29. The Battle of Fallen Timbers
In 1794, Washington sent troops to defeat the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
After losing the battle, the Indians signed the Treaty of Greenville in which they agreed to surrender all Indian lands in Ohio.

30. OBJ: 8.5 E
Identify the foreign policies of Presidents Washington and explain the impact of Washington’s Farewell address

31. Problems in Europe
Shortly after Washington became president, in 1789, the French Revolution began.
Many Americans believed America should support the Revolution, because the French supported us in ours.
Other Americans opposed the violence of the French Revolution and its attack on religion and individual liberties. Besides, it was the French king who sent troops to help us during our revolution, not the French people.

32. The Proclamation of Neutrality
In 1793, France and Britain went to war.
Some Americans supported the British and some supported the French.
Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality forbidding Americans to take sides.
The British began capturing American cargo ships and forcing the crews to fight for the British navy (impressments).

33. Trying to Stay Neutral
Washington sent John Jay to make peace with Britain.
John Jay created a treaty with the British known as Jay’s Treaty.
In this treaty the British agreed to:
finally leave American soil,
pay for some damages to captured ships,
and allow some American trade in the Caribbean.
Most Americans disapproved of this treaty, because it did not address the issue of impressments.
Jay’s Treaty

34. Pinckney’s Treaty Spain feared that Jay’s Treaty would
unite the U.S. and Britain against the Spanish Empire in North America.
Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to settle the problem.
In Pinckney’s Treaty, Spain agreed to allow Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and rights to trade in New Orleans.

35. Washington’s Farewell
As the first President, Washington set several precedents for future presidents:
1. He served two terms. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the only president
to serve more than two terms.
2. He set foreign policy in his “Farewell
Address” given in Sept –
“Observe good faith and justice toward all
nations… Tis our policy to steer clear of
permanent alliances.” This policy was
followed for more than 100 years.
3. He created a cabinet composed of heads
of departments to advise him. –
All presidents since have had cabinets.
4. He also warned of the dangers of political
parties.
Washington’s farewell address is read in the Senate every year on Washington's Birthday.

36. Washington Farewell addressNO P
ARTIES D
EBT A
LLIANCES