1. Dictators Threaten World Peace

2. I. Nationalism Grips Europe and Asia A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles –1. German resentment to the Allies. –2. Democracy had not been put into place and countries had turned to dictators with authoritarian governments.

3. B. Joseph Stalin –1. Took control of Soviet Union. –2. Five Year Plans were designed to improve the Soviet economy. –3. Was responsible for the deaths of up to 8-13 million people whom he felt were a threat. –4. He established a totalitarian government that maintained complete control over its citizens.

5. C. Benito Mussolini –1. Created Fascism which placed the concerns of the state above the individual. –2. He played on the fears of economic collapse and communism. –3. Fascism controlled every aspect of Italian life.

8. D. Adolf Hitler –1. Created the German form of Fascism known as Nazism. –2. Based on extreme nationalism and racism. –3. Views in the book “Mein Kampf” –4. Wanted “lebensraum” or living space for Germans. –5. The Great Depression helped the Nazi’s come to power.

12. E. Militarists gain control of Japan –1. Wanted more living space for population. –2. Attacked China and seized Manchuria. –3. The League of Nations did nothing and Japan just dropped out of the league.

13. F. Civil War Breaks out in Spain –1. Francisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish republic. –2. Mussollini and Hitler helped Franco and this formed the Rome-Berlin Axis. –3. The League of Nations did nothing and Franco became Spain’s Fascist dictator.

15. II.The U.S. Responds Cautiously A. Neutrality –1. U.S. clung to isolationism. –2. Congress passed the Neutrality Acts which outlawed arms sales to nations at war and nations engaged in civil wars. –3. U.S. did send China arms because Japan had attacked them, but had not officially declared war.