1. Forces

2. What is a Force? A force is a push or a pull. To tell about a force, you must tell how strong the force is. The SI unit for the strength of a force is the newton To tell about a force you must also tell the direction the force is pushing or pulling. Arrows can be used to show forces. The point of the arrow shows the direction of the force. The length of the arrow shows how strong the force is.

3. Forces are described by: Strength Distance Direction

4. Combining Forces Often there is more than one force acting on an object. The total of all the forces acting on an object is called the net force Sometimes the net force on an object is 0. This means there are balanced forces acting on the object. The object’s motion does not change. Sometimes the net force does not equal 0. This means there are unbalanced forces acting on the object. The object’s motion changes.

5. Friction Friction is a force caused by two objects rubbing together. Friction acts in the opposite direction of motion. Friction keeps you from slipping when you walk. Friction also makes a car’s brakes work. The amount of friction depends on two things: how smooth the objects are and how hard they push together.

6. Types of Friction There are four kinds of friction: 1. Static friction is between two things that are not moving. 2. Sliding friction happens when two objects slide past each other. 3. Rolling friction occurs when one object rolls over another. 4. Fluid friction happens when a solid moves through a fluid, like water or air.

7. Gravity Gravity is a force that pulls objects toward each other. Two factors affect the gravitational attraction between objects: mass and distance

8. Gravity depends on mass Mass is how much matter is in an object. Objects with a large mass have a greater force of gravity than objects with a small mass.

9. Gravity depends on distance As the distance between objects increases, the force of gravity decreases.

10. Weight Weight measures the force of gravity on an object. An object’s weight can change if the force of gravity changes. An object’s mass stays the same no matter where it is.