1. Present Active Participles

2. What is a Participle? A participle is a verbal adjective As a verb, a participle may take a direct or indirect object As an adjective, a participle modifies a noun and agrees in case, number, and gender We have already learned the perfect passive participle (regular verbs) and perfect active participle (deponent verbs)

3. Present Active Participles English also has present participles, formed by adding “ing” to the end of a verb Ex.: play - playing, see – seeing Ex.: I saw the kids playing ball. Playing modifies kids and takes softball as its direct object. The same example in Latin: Vīdī līberōs lūdentēs pilā.

4. Forming Present Participles 1. Drop the –re from the infinitive to find the present stem/base 2. Add –ns, -ntis to that base for nom.+gen. sing. 3. For 3 rd i.o., and 4 th, use an –iē Ex.: 1 st conj.: parāns, parantis, preparing 2 nd conj.: habēns, habentis, having 3 rd conj.: mittēns, mittentis, sending 3 rd i.o.: iaciēns, iacientis, throwing 4 th conj.: audiēns, audientis, hearing

5. Your turn to form participles! valēre natāre dēsilīre repellere ignōrāre audēre cupiō, cupere discere valēns, valentis natāns, natantis dēsiliēns, dēsilientis repellēns, repellentis ignōrāns, ignōrantis audēns, audentis cupiēns, cupientis discēns, discentis

6. Declining the Present Participle Ex.M/F N N Nom.amāns amantēsamantia Gen.amantis amantium Dat.amantī amantibus Acc.amantemamānsamantēsamantia Abl.amante amantibus

7. In summary Present active participles, like all participles, are verbal adjectives You can recognize them by the “-ns” or “-ntis” marker They are translated with “-ing” They take third declension adjective endings