1. The Holocaust “For the dead and the living, we must bear witness.” -Elie Wiesel

2. What was the Holocaust?What was the Holocaust?  The holocaust was the systematic persecution and murder of approximately six million people of Jewish faith and origin by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.

3. What lead to the Holocaust?  End of World War I  Treaty of Versailles  War Guilt Clause

4. World War IWorld War I  World War I began in 1914 and lasted until 1918.  Allied powers won the war.  United States  Great Britain  France  Central powers lost war:  Germany  Austria

5. The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles  Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918.  Treaty signed between Germany and the Allied powers.

7. War Guilt ClauseWar Guilt Clause  War Guilt Clause stated that Germany was responsible for World War One.  Effects:  Germany had to pay massive amounts of money to Allied powers.  Lesson the amount of soldiers in their military

9. Discuss with a PartnerDiscuss with a Partner  The German people were/are a very proud group. How do you think they felt after losing WWI? Along with losing, then having to take all the blame for the war, and hence fall into an economic depression, what could you assume this would have done to their sense of pride in being Germans?  How could the Allies decision to make the Germans sign the War Guilt Clause backfire in the long run?  Who do you think the Germans would blame for their negative feelings, and why do you think they would blame them?

10. Why?  Due to the world wide embarrassment, country wide depression, and the lack of national pride, Adolf Hitler was able to rise to power. He was elected by the people in a democratic election.  Hitler needed someone else to blame other than Germans for the loss of World War One. He needed a scapegoat.  Hitler chose to blame the Jews, and other minority groups, for the loss of the war.

11. Need to Know Vocabulary  Genocide :  The deliberate killing of people who belong to a certain racial, political, or cultural group.  Although there have been a number of genocides throughout history, the Holocaust is considered one of the most infamous genocides in the history of the world.

12. Need to Know Vocabulary  Nazi Party:  The political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.

13. Need to Know Vocabulary  Aryan Race  Person of pure German blood  Ideally blond hair and blue eyes  Race does not really exist  Anti- Semitism  Prejudice against or hatred of Jewish ancestry or faith.

14. Systematic Approach to Persecution of the Jews  Beginning in the early 1930’s  Phase One: Brainwashing  Propaganda (biased information to support a view point) encouraging German nationalism and pride.  Propaganda creating a villain or a scapegoat of Jews.  Use of visual pictures, radio messages, TV, etc., over a long period of time. Created an US VS THEM mentality.

15. Phase 2: Forced RelocationPhase 2: Forced Relocation  Phase 2 consisted of:  Deportation of Jews from their homes to “neighborhoods” called ghettos.  Over 275 Ghettos in Poland alone.  Jews had to sew a “Star of David” on their clothing to allow Nazi officers the ability to identify Jews.  Had a curfew.  Could only shop in certain areas.

16. Phase 3: Forced LaborPhase 3: Forced Labor  Transfer Jews from ghettos to concentration camps or extermination camps.  A concentration camp is essentially a forced labor camp in which the Nazi officers forced inhabitants to work with little food, water, shelter, etc. Often led to death by disease, exposure, and starvation.

17. Phase 4: ExterminationPhase 4: Extermination  Phase 4 consisted of mass executions of prisoners by means of gas chambers.  Germans foresaw upcoming surrender, and did not want to be punished for their crimes against humanity.  Needed a way to dispose of evidence of camps.  Some camps exterminated almost 90% of their prisoners by means of the gas chambers.

18. Liberation- 1945Liberation- 1945  Over a span of almost 10 years, over 20 million Jews, gypsies, and other groups deemed “unworthy” of Germany were exterminated.  Liberation, or the freeing of prisoners, did not occur until 1945. Most prisoners were unable to return home, were separated from families, and had nothing and no where to go.

19. Respond  What was the most important information that you learned today? Was there any information that surprised you? If there was one thing that you will remember about today’s presentation, what information will that be?