1. Do NowDo Now Please use all of the following terms below in a paragraph to describe the United States of America after the American Revolution…  Articles of Confederation  Shay’s Rebellion  Legislative Supremacy  Congress  Debt  Week Government

2. The “Spark”The “Spark”  Shays’ Rebellion  A. o. C. is too weak  Must be REVISED  May 1787 - Congress calls delegates from all states to gather in Philadelphia to help improve the A. o. C.  Rhode Island refuses.

3. Basics  The Delegates  74 delegates invited… 55 came… 39 signed  Many Founders were skeptical  Patrick Henry of VA  State of RI  Very HOT summer  Convention was held in secret at the Pennsylvania State House (D. o. I. was signed there)

4. Problems and DebatesProblems and Debates  REMEMBER! …  Delegates were intelligent  Represented different states with different needs  Had different beliefs  LOTS OF DEBATING! PROBLEMS? … Representation in Congress? Slavery? Taxes and Tariffs? One Branch or Three? COMPROMISE!

5. Problem #1 - RepresentationProblem #1 - Representation 1.What was the problem that the Founders faced? Explain it. 2.Who created the Virginia Plan? Explain it. 3.Who created the NJ Plan? Explain it. 4.How would your group solve the problem?

6. The ProblemThe Problem States disagreed on how many representatives EACH STATE should be able to send to Congress.

7. The Sides - PopulationThe Sides - Population “Large” States  MA - Massachusetts  NY – New York  PA - Pennsylvania  MD - Maryland  NC – North Carolina  VA - Virginia “Small” States  NH – New Hampshire  CT - Connecticut  NJ – New Jersey  DE - Deleware  SC – South Carolina  GA - Georgia

8. Large StatesLarge States  Representation should be based on population size.  More people = More ideas = More representation!  Known as PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION Example (every 30,000 people = 1 rep) VA population of 700,000 = ___ reps DE population of 60,000 = ___ reps

9. The Virginia PlanThe Virginia Plan  Created by James Madison  Proposed by Edmund Randolph  The “basics”  Three branches  Leg. has two houses  Each house is based on PROPORTIONAL representation  Strong national government

10. Small StatesSmall States  Feared larger states would control national government  More People = More Votes = More Power!  Wanted EQUAL REPRESENTATION Example (equal representation for all states) VA population of 700,000 = ___ reps DE population of 60,000 = ___ reps

11. New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan  Proposed by William Paterson  The “basics”  Three branches  One House / Legislative  Based on EQUAL rep.  Strong national Government

12. The Connecticut PlanThe Connecticut Plan  Roger Sherman of CT  The “basics”  Three branches  Two-house Legislative Br.  House of Reps = Proportional Rep  Senate = Equal Rep (two per state)  Known as the Great Compromise!

13. Problem #2 - SlaveryProblem #2 - Slavery 1.What was the problem that the Founders faced? Explain it. 2.What was the Northern position? Explain it. 3.What was the Southern position? Explain it. 4.How would your group solve the problem?

14. The ProblemThe Problem States disagreed on how to count SLAVES when counting representatives for Congress.

15. The Sides – Person or PropertyThe Sides – Person or Property “Southern” States  MD - Maryland  VA - Virginia  NC – North Carolina  SC – South Carolina  GA - Georgia “Northern” States  NH – New Hampshire  CT - Connecticut  MA - Massachusetts  NY – New York  NJ – New Jersey  PA - Pennsylvania  DE - Deleware

16. Northern StatesNorthern States  Industrial economy  Traded with other nations  DID NOT NEED SLAVES  Position  Slaves = Property  No Reps

17. Southern StatesSouthern States  Agricultural society  DEPENDED ON SLAVE LABOR  Position  Slavery was necessary  Slaves count toward Reps

18. Other Problems…Other Problems…  Representation…  Future of Slave Trade?  Future of Slavery?  Runaway slaves?  Import and Export Tariffs [taxes] on trade

19. Solution  The Three-Fifths Compromise  Each slave counts as 3/5ths of a person towards representation  Slavery continues  Fugitive Slave Clause – Runaways must be returned  Congress can control trade BUT…  Cannot create export taxes  Cannot end slave trade for 20 years (until 1808)

20. Problem #3 – Chief ExecutiveProblem #3 – Chief Executive 1.What was the problem that the Founders faced? Explain it. 2.When it comes to electing the Chief Executive, what were some different ideas that were proposed? 3.How would your group solve the problem?

21. The ProblemThe Problem The states could not agree on how many chief executives to have, and how they would be elected. One? Three? Vote of the People? Appointed by Congress?

22. Solution  One Chief Executive  Strong but limited  Called the President  Elected by a special group of appointed voters called the ELECTORAL COLLEGE