1. Sculpture Unit Art 3200 This unit consists of wire sculpting, paper mache, foam carving, clay sculpting, and metal embossing.

2. History of Sculpture Throughout history, monuments in marble, wood and bronze have been fashioned to glorify the divine and the human. Sculpture is different from drawing, painting, and printmaking, in that it occupies 3- dimensional space. Sculpture has mass or volume.

3. History of Sculpture Sculpture should be viewed from as many angles as possible. Sculpture interacts with its environment. It influences the space around it and is influenced by the space surrounding it.

4. History of Sculpture Modern sculpture has moved beyond museums and galleries. Artists have moved out into the natural and synthetic environments.

5. Elements of Design All art is made up of 4 elements of design: Line Form/Shape Colour Texture/pattern In sculpture these elements are different than 2 dimensional art.

6. Elements of Design In 2D artwork, showing movement relies on the visual suggestion of movement with lines and colours. In 3D artwork, movement and balance are both visual and physical.

7. Elements of Design: Line In sculpture, line has 3 dimensions. It moves through and occupies space. Line may be irregular, free flowing, or rigid. Line in space implies movement as the eye, hand, and/or body follows its path. Line may sometimes define or imply a form.

8. Elements of Design: Form Form is the 3D equivalent to shape. Form indicates mass, volume, bulk, solidity, and weight. Forms may contain empty space or holes which are called voids or negative space. These are sometimes as important as positive space.

9. Elements of Design: Form Form may be made by building up materials which is additive sculpture. Form may also be made by taking away material from a solid form which is subtractive sculpture.

10. Elements of Design: Texture Sculpture uses 3D materials and surfaces. Texture in sculpture is actual texture instead of implied texture in 2D art. Artists can use materials with specific textural qualities and materials with which they can create texture in their art.

11. Types of Sculptures Sculpture: A three-dimensional work of art. Sculptures may be carved, modelled, constructed, or cast. There are different types of sculptures such as assemblage, in the round, and relief. Assemblage: A three-dimensional piece of art made of various materials such as found objects, paper, wood, and textiles.

12. Types of Sculptures In the Round: Sculpture which is viewed from all sides and is freestanding. The opposite of relief. Relief: A type of sculpture in which the form projects (or “pops up”) from a background. There are three types of relief: high, low, and sunken. In high relief, the forms stand far out from the background. In low relief (bas-relief), they are shallow. In sunken relief, the image is carved into a flat surface and the highest parts are level with the original surface of the material being carved.

13. Assemblage Raoul Hausmann (Austrian, 1886- 1971) Mechanical Head [or, The Spirit of Our Time]

14. In the Round Salvador Dalí (Spanish, 1904- 1989) Lobster Telephone 1936

15. Relief Greece Little girl with doves 450-440 BCE Parian marble relief

16. Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures We'll start this unit by building wire figures in motion. When building your character, think of the following: What happens to my body when I stand or walk? Which arms and legs go forward? How does my body express my mood? What would be a unique action to sculpt? Which techniques will work the best - twisting the wire with my hands or pliers? How do I make my character stand without falling? It's best to build your character from just one piece of wire, since adding separate limbs will make your character flimsy and weak.

17. Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures Project Requirements: Sketchbook Sketch: Pretend that your pencil is one continuous piece of wire. If you were to draw your character in one line, how would it look? Sketch several figures in motion in your sketchbook by using only one line for each. Wire Sculpture: - Sculpture must be made in as few pieces as possible. - Sculpture must have at least 2 legs, 1 head, and 1 torso. - Sculpture must have no moving parts (if you add pieces of wire, make sure they are attached well). - Sculpture must be freestanding. - Sculpture must be creative, unique and cannot be copied (you may use images from books as references).

18. Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures Project will be marked on the following:  Followed Instructions (sketchbook sketch)  Followed Instructions / Included all requirements (sculpture)  Effort/Neatness  Level of Completion  Quality of Sculpture/Techniques  Creativity

19. Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing For this project we will experiment with making lines and shapes in thin pieces of metal. Then we’ll give emphasis to our designs by adding a layer of black India ink. (You may want to wear an old shirt while using the ink because it can be messy). The main thing to remember when embossing metal is to work from both sides of the metal to make your lines and shapes really stand out.

20. Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing Project will be marked on the following:  Followed Instructions (sketchbook sketch) Followed Instructions (sculpture)  Effort/Neatness  Level of Completion  Quality of Metal Embossing (Carving)  Quality of Metal Embossing (Inking)  Creativity

21. Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing

24. Sculpture Project 3: Foam Carving The purpose of this project is to carve a Newfoundland scene depicting different grounds in a 4" x 6" piece of foam. It is extremely important to show at least three grounds in your piece - the foreground, the middle ground, and the background. Foreground - the area which is closest to the viewer and carved the least. Middle ground - a bit further away and carved a bit deeper. Background - the area which is furthest from the viewer and carved the deepest.

25. Here are a few important tips to remember: 1. You need to begin with a good, clear sketch that has each ground labeled. This will help you in your carving stage. 2. Keep the outlines in your foam light - don't carve over your outlines because some may need to be shallow. 3. Use delicate carving tools for delicate areas and carve in a short, gentle motion. 4. Use wide tools for wide areas. 5. Don't carve too deep or you will make holes in your foam.

26. Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature For this project you will create a sculpture in-the-round from clay. Your sculpture will be a fantasy creature (you may invent your own creature). This sculpture will also be a practical because it must also be a type of container (ex: bowl, box, etc.). Your sculpture must also be freestanding.

27. Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature Clay Sculpting Tips: Always score (or scratch up) the back of small pieces that you'd like to add, and score the area on the sculpture where you'd like to add this piece. Put a bit of water in between and really press the two pieces together, smoothing the join with your finger. Try to include many textures in your sculpture - this will create a lot of interest in your piece.

28. Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature For this project you will create a sculpture in-the-round from clay. Your sculpture will be a fantasy creature (you may invent your own creature). This sculpture will also be a practical because it must also be a type of container (ex: bowl, box, etc.). Your sculpture must also be freestanding.

29. Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature

30. Project will be marked on the following:  Followed Instructions (sketchbook sketch) Followed Instructions (sculpture)  Effort/Neatness  Level of Completion  Quality of Clay Modeling and Shaping  Quality of Painting  Creativity

31. MARKING SCALE 4 = Excellent 3 = Very Good 2 = Average 1 = Poor 0 = Incomplete

32. MARKING SCALE 4 = :D 3 = :) 2 = :S 1 = :( 0 = >(