1. WASTE WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT IMPACT OF WASTE WASTE MANAGEMENT

2. WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT SOURCES OF WASTE – SOURCES OF WASTE – DOMESTIC WASTE: paper, plastic goods, batteries, glass, packing material [cans, cartons, envelops,etc], kitchen waste[vegetable peels, left over food, etc], sharp edged things[blades, knives, scissors], discarded thermometer, insecticides, human excreta, paint material, ash residue from coal and wood. DOMESTIC WASTE: paper, plastic goods, batteries, glass, packing material [cans, cartons, envelops,etc], kitchen waste[vegetable peels, left over food, etc], sharp edged things[blades, knives, scissors], discarded thermometer, insecticides, human excreta, paint material, ash residue from coal and wood.

3. HARMS OF DOMESTIC WASTE Discarded thermometer contains mercury, lead – dangerous Discarded thermometer contains mercury, lead – dangerous Insecticides – highly toxic – mix with water – damage to environment Insecticides – highly toxic – mix with water – damage to environment Sharp things – injury Sharp things – injury Perfume cans/ batteries – can ignite Perfume cans/ batteries – can ignite Landfill dumping – causes pollution of soil/ breeds disease causing mosquitoes, flies Landfill dumping – causes pollution of soil/ breeds disease causing mosquitoes, flies

4. INDUSTRIAL WASTE Important industrial wastes : Mining-[ tailing – waste generated after mineral extraction from ore- results in generation of acids and alkaline drainage], uranium mining – hazardous radon gas released. Mining-[ tailing – waste generated after mineral extraction from ore- results in generation of acids and alkaline drainage], uranium mining – hazardous radon gas released. Cement factories – dust and gases[quarrying of limestone],fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, natural gas release waste. Construction units – demolition/ construction – solid non-biodegradable waste [concrete, plaster, metal, wood, plastic,etc] Thermal Plants – coal burnt to make steam which runs the generator to produce power- smoke released- gaseous waste- ash residue[ fly ash]

5. SOME MORE INDUSTRIAL WASTES Oil refineries – gaseous and liquid waste released in form of chemicals Oil refineries – gaseous and liquid waste released in form of chemicals Nuclear Power Plants – uranium & plutonium- major raw materials – generate radioactive waste remaining for thousands of years[generations affected], leakage of radioactive materials can cause death and destruction of environment.. Nuclear Power Plants – uranium & plutonium- major raw materials – generate radioactive waste remaining for thousands of years[generations affected], leakage of radioactive materials can cause death and destruction of environment.. Textile industry – water used to dye cloth released as waste – filled with chemicals – toxic waste – damages environment Textile industry – water used to dye cloth released as waste – filled with chemicals – toxic waste – damages environment Tanneries – leather made from animal skin- tanned with chemicals- toxic liquid waste released – pollutes ground water. Tanneries – leather made from animal skin- tanned with chemicals- toxic liquid waste released – pollutes ground water.

6. TWO MORE TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES Distilleries – beverages and alcohol manufacturing – large amount of liquid waste released. Distilleries – beverages and alcohol manufacturing – large amount of liquid waste released. Iron and steel industry – large amount of water required to make steel / ash and dust waste released / acids like sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid released / smoke, gas released. Iron and steel industry – large amount of water required to make steel / ash and dust waste released / acids like sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid released / smoke, gas released. Harmful waste also released from paper, sugar, fertilizer, rubber industries. Harmful waste also released from paper, sugar, fertilizer, rubber industries.

7. AGRICULTURAL WASTE Wastes from poultry farms, slaughter houses, harvest waste. Wastes from poultry farms, slaughter houses, harvest waste. Fertilizer run off from fields Fertilizer run off from fields Waste generated from threshing- beating action to separate grains from husk/ separating seeds from plant- threshers used -release straw and dust Waste generated from threshing- beating action to separate grains from husk/ separating seeds from plant- threshers used -release straw and dust Pesticides enter into water, air and soil Pesticides enter into water, air and soil

8. MANAGING AGRICULTURAL WASTE Most of agricultural waste is bio-degradable unlike industrial waste. Most of agricultural waste is bio-degradable unlike industrial waste. If managed properly, can be useful. If managed properly, can be useful. Waste can be used to generate energy/ make compost. Waste can be used to generate energy/ make compost.

9. MUNICIPAL WASTE Includes solid and liquid waste generated in homes and offices. Includes solid and liquid waste generated in homes and offices. Solid waste often dumped in open landfills or disposed off in incinerators- liquid waste / sewage released in water bodies or low-lying areas. Solid waste often dumped in open landfills or disposed off in incinerators- liquid waste / sewage released in water bodies or low-lying areas. Much of the waste is non-biodegradable[ plastic, glass..] Much of the waste is non-biodegradable[ plastic, glass..]

10. CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE BIODEGRADABLE WASTE – BIODEGRADABLE WASTE – Materials that decompose through action of bacteria, fungi, other living organisms. Materials that decompose through action of bacteria, fungi, other living organisms. SIMPLE BIO-DEGRADABLE – decomposed easily through natural process[dead remains of animals and plants/ excreta…] SIMPLE BIO-DEGRADABLE – decomposed easily through natural process[dead remains of animals and plants/ excreta…] COMPLEX BIO-DEGRADABLE – not decomposed easily/ has resistance to break down / take long time to decompose completely [ cloth] COMPLEX BIO-DEGRADABLE – not decomposed easily/ has resistance to break down / take long time to decompose completely [ cloth]

11. NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE Not decomposed in soil. Not decomposed in soil. Made of plastic, metals, synthetic clothes, chemicals, radioactive waste, polythene…. Made of plastic, metals, synthetic clothes, chemicals, radioactive waste, polythene…. Some non-biodegradable wastes can be recycled- plastic, metals, glass, etc. Some non-biodegradable wastes can be recycled- plastic, metals, glass, etc. Recycling – the only feasible solution to handle such waste. Recycling – the only feasible solution to handle such waste.

12. HARMS OF NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE PLASTIC- production and disposal causes damage to environment PLASTIC- production and disposal causes damage to environment Constituents of plastic – benzene/ vinyl chloride cause cancer Constituents of plastic – benzene/ vinyl chloride cause cancer Constituents of plastic – gases /liquid hydrocarbons – spoil air on burning/ soil Constituents of plastic – gases /liquid hydrocarbons – spoil air on burning/ soil Plastic wastes clog drains/contaminate water/ choked drains become breeding grounds for mosquitoes/ cause flooding in rainy season Plastic wastes clog drains/contaminate water/ choked drains become breeding grounds for mosquitoes/ cause flooding in rainy season Burning plastic releases poisonous chemicals like dioxin in the air. Burning plastic releases poisonous chemicals like dioxin in the air.

13. STYROFOAM & CANS Disposable cups, plates, egg trays, etc made of Styrofoam not recyclable. Disposable cups, plates, egg trays, etc made of Styrofoam not recyclable. Petroleum used to make Styrofoam – releases toxic chemicals like styrene on burning. Petroleum used to make Styrofoam – releases toxic chemicals like styrene on burning. Cans –popular containers of food, drinks and sprays – mostly made of tin, aluminium. Cans –popular containers of food, drinks and sprays – mostly made of tin, aluminium. Acidic food like fruits and vegetables may cause corrosion of tin – cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea after ingesting canned food. Acidic food like fruits and vegetables may cause corrosion of tin – cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea after ingesting canned food.

14. GLASS Common container of liquids – can cause injury if not disposed properly. Common container of liquids – can cause injury if not disposed properly. Most glass – not environment friendly constituents – like phosphates, borates, fluorides.. Most glass – not environment friendly constituents – like phosphates, borates, fluorides..

15. BIOMEDICAL WASTE / BMW Consist of solids, liquids, laboratory waste – potentially infectious. Consist of solids, liquids, laboratory waste – potentially infectious. Must be properly managed to protect general public, health workers, sanitation workers who are regularly exposed to biomedical waste as an occupational hazard. Must be properly managed to protect general public, health workers, sanitation workers who are regularly exposed to biomedical waste as an occupational hazard.