1. Post World War I 1918-1939

2. Introduction German economy 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. Weimer Republic blamed for signing the Treaty of Versailles blamed for signing the Treaty of Versailles

3. Introduction Left wing – angry communist Right wing – fascist groups Both denounced Versailles treaty and Weimer Republic

4. Introduction artist and writers rebelled against traditional ways artist and writers rebelled against traditional ways New philosophy – existentialism You give your life meaning by your actions and choices You give your life meaning by your actions and choices

5. Artists Pablo Picasso Father of modern art New style of painting called Cubism Leads to abstract art

6. Artists Wassily Kadinsky Father of abstract art

7. Artists Salvador Dali Surrealism Dream like qualities

8. Artist Most famous, Dali Persistence of Memory Persistence of Memory

9. Writers Gertrude Stein Wrote “Lost Generations” Describes youth that were left with emotional scars after the war.

10. Entertainment Movies with sound in the 1920’s Rudolph Valentino

11. Entertainment Birth of Jazz music New Orleans, Louisiana Spread to Memphis, Chicago, Kansas city

12. Jazz Artists Louis Armstrong Billie Holiday Billie Billie Holiday For Lovers by Billie Holiday @ ARTISTdirect.com - Shop, Listen, Download Billie Holiday For Lovers by Billie Holiday @ ARTISTdirect.com - Shop, Listen, DownloadBillie Holiday For Lovers by Billie Holiday @ ARTISTdirect.com - Shop, Listen, Download

13. The Roaring Twenties During 1920’s U.S. economy was strong New labor saving appliances Leisure time Good times of great prosperity for the U.S. Stock market crash of 1929 Stock market crash of 1929

14. The Great Depression 3 weaknesses of the U.S. economy 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 1929 factories produced half of the worlds industrial goods Most families too poor to buy consumer goods

15. Global Depression Unable to sell goods factories reduced production factories reduced production Layoffs Layoffs Downward cycle Job loss, families bought less Job loss, families bought less

16. Global Depression Oct. 29 16 million stocks sold, market collapsed Stocks became worthless Businesses failed, banks closed, unemployment soared, farmers lost land

17. Global Depression American market for European goods dropped High tariffs on imported goods World trade down 65% Germany, Austria hit harder because of war debts and loans

18. Global Depression U.S. Recovery Franklin Roosevelt, 1932 President Franklin Roosevelt, 1932 President New Deal program: New Deal program: New gov. agencies aid to farmers New gov. agencies aid to farmers Regulation/reform of stock market, banking system Regulation/reform of stock market, banking system Parks/recreation projects, building bridges, schools, airports, etc. Parks/recreation projects, building bridges, schools, airports, etc.

19. Global Depression Dawes Plan of 1924 Help Germany economy Help Germany economy 200 million dollar loan 200 million dollar loan Soviet Union Did not suffer Did not suffer Why? Why? Great Depression allowed “radical leaders” to rise to power

20. Post War Politics Italy – Fascist came to power in 1922 Loyalty to the state, obedience to the leader, nationalist Loyalty to the state, obedience to the leader, nationalist Promised to revive economy, punish those responsible for hard times Communism/Fascism similar Deny individual rights, state is supreme Deny individual rights, state is supreme Different, Fascist don’t seek classless society Different, Fascist don’t seek classless society

21. Rise of Benito Mussolini 1883-1945 Editor, politician Promised to rescue Italy by reviving the economy and rebuilding the army Founded Fascist party, 1919

22. Benito Mussolini Group of Fascist “Black Shirts” attacked Socialist and Communist on the streets October 1922, 30k Fascists marched on Rome Demanded King Victor Emanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the Gov. Demanded King Victor Emanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the Gov. Mussolini known as “IL Duce” – the leader

23. Benito Mussolini IL Duce did the following once in power: Abolished democracy Abolished democracy Banned political parties except Fascism Banned political parties except Fascism Secret police Secret police Censor TV, radio, printed material Censor TV, radio, printed material Outlawed strikes Outlawed strikes Allied with other industrialist and large land owners Allied with other industrialist and large land owners Supported by veterans, nationalist, middle class, aristocracy.

24. Adolf Hitler Born in Austria 1889 Failed artist, could not draw people. Fought in WWI Received the Iron Cross for bravery Wounded in battle 1920, settles in Munich, Germany

25. Adolf Hitler Joined nationalist group, German Worker’s Party By 1923, leader of the party Became National Socialist German Workers Party, Nazi Party Became National Socialist German Workers Party, Nazi Party Supported by lower middle class/middle class

26. Adopted Swastika and formed a private militia called the “SA” or “Storm troopers” or Brown Shirts Means “well-being”, was a good-luck symbol used by Hindus, Buddhists, early Christians

27. Excellent speaker – became known as “Der Fuhrer” (The Leader) 1923 Nazis tried to come to power in Munich, they failed Hitler arrested, guilty of treason, spent 8 months in prison

28. While in jail, he wrote “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle) Goals for Germany Blamed Jews, the French, and Weimer Republic for problems in Germany Regain lost lands

29. Germany needed “Lebensraum” or living space Expand into E. Europe and Russia “Aryans” – superior race Depression hit Germany people turned to Hitler and his party. people turned to Hitler and his party.