1. Beginnings of the French Revolution

2. Causes Indirect: –Enlightenment Ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau –American Revolution – Declaration of Independence (Jefferson)

3. Causes Direct: –Economic Problems: – Society Divided – made up of 3 “Estates” 3. American Revolution (loans) 1. Poor Tax Base (Nobility does not pay) 2. Poor Harvests in the late 1780s

4. Society Divided 1 st Estate – 2 nd Estate – 3 rd Estate – Catholic Clergy Nobility Bourgeoisie (middle class) Sans-culottes (urban workers) Peasants

5. Society Divided 1 st Estate – 2 nd Estate – 3 rd Estate – 1% population, 10% land 2% population, 25% land 97% population, 65% land

8. Society Divided 1 st Estate – 2 nd Estate – 3 rd Estate – Louis XVI and France in heavy debt – need to call the Estates-Generale to solve this problem Paid no taxes Paid all of the taxes

9. National Assembly 3 rd Estate breaks away Tennis Court Oath National Assembly is formed

10. Storming of the Bastille July 14, 1789

11. The Great Fear Peasants riot in the countryside burning nobles’ homes and robbing granaries (grain warehouses).

12. Declaration of the Rights of Man Based on Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau Basic human rights, natural rights BUT…Excludes Women

13. Constitution of 1791 Unicameral Legislature –Unicameral = “one house” Suffrage – all males who pay a minimum tax may vote Result – URBAN WORKERS vote in RADICAL representatives

14. Constitution of 1791… too far? Right - Conservative Middle - Moderates Left – Radical (Jacobins) “The Mountain” National Convention

16. War 1791 France (led by the radicals in the National Assembly) declares war on Austria. Why? –To prevent Austria, or other nations, from bringing the King (LOUIS XVI) back to full power.