1. INDUSTRY VS AGRICULTURE The Ultimate Showdown

2. North - Industrial Upper, Middle, Lower Classes Unions – to help factory workers Factory workers – mainly women & children Sarah G. Bagley Lowell worker who started first female labor union – Lowell Female Labor Reform Association National Trades Union – campaigned for a 10 hour workday

3. IMMIGRANTS AND INDUSTRY The Perfect Combination

4. The Irish Poor Men: Factory Workers Built the Railroad/Canals Coal Miners Unloaded Freight Cleaned Streets Women: Mended Clothes Cleaned Wealthy Homes Factories

5. Unskilled Left Ireland b/c: Potato Famine British mistreatment Majority – Catholic Settled in Cities: Boston; NYC; East Coast Later – involved in politics

6. The Germans Wealthy Brewers Distillers Bakers Butchers Machinists Tailors Cabinetmakers Cigar makers

7. Skilled Workers Left Germany b/c: Political Revolution Religions: Protestant; Catholic, Jewish Moved to cities in Northwest Area: OH; ID; MI; MN; PA; TX

8. Politics Know Nothing Party Political Party based on Nativists ideas Slogans: “America for the Americans” “Americans shall rule America” Tried to stop foreigners/immigrants from coming into the country

9. Tried to limit political power from immigrants Responded to immigration with violence Nativists – Protestants Immigrants – Catholic

10. Midwest Just starting to grow Economy is increasing Dairy farms Wheat/corn farms Livestock

11. Upper South Less need for slaves Smaller farms Little/no plantations Poor farmers States such as: Virginia; Maryland; Delaware; etc

12. South - Agricultural Cotton plantations – controlled the economy Cotton demand increases Cotton prices increase The need for slavery increases

13. Lower South Majority of the area – Large plantations Large Plantations need more slaves Slavery was harsh in this area Harder conditions 200 or more slaves per plantation (GA; MS; AL) More cotton is produced = more money is made

14. Less Industry Small amount of manufacturing/factories Not many Railroads More Rail Lines = Less valuable farmland = Less plantationsto grow cotton = Less money

15. American Colonization Society 1817 Abolitionist group who wanted to get rid of slavery Formed the colony of Liberia (in Africa) Tried to free the slaves Idea was to send them back to Africa (where they were from) Slaves didn’t want to go – considered themselves Americans (most were born here)

16. Population in the South Planters Small population of the Southern Whites Wealthy Most lived the life of luxury Owned between 20 – 1000 slaves 20 – 100 = more common 500 - 1000 = very rare

17. Small Farmers Majority of the Southern Whites Simple homes Small farms Fertile land Grew their own food as well as a small amount of cash crops Most did not own slaves

18. Poor Whites Small percentage of Southern Whites Land was NOT appropriate for farming Lived in Mountainous regions (Appalachia – ancestors still live there in squalor and poverty) Relied on hunting/fishing to survive

19. African – Americans Freedmen 10% - 59% of the Southern population Most of the freedmen lived in border states (Northern region of the South) 260,000 freed slaves (freedmen) eventually succumbed to the evils of slaveholding Became masters of black slaves