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Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management
For Metalworking Sector Updated on August 2015
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Contents Legends Objectives Risk Management Regulations
Overview of Risk Management Roles and Responsibilities Risk Management Process References Note: Please click ( ) on the individual tab for more information
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Legends RM Members RM Team Risk Management (RM) Leader RA Members
RA Team Risk Assessment (RA) Leader Forms Samples Video Clips Back to content page
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Objectives This Guide aims to provide basic guidance in implementing risk management (RM) at workplaces. Potential incidents can be prevented when hazards are identified and risks are managed. Back to content page
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Risk Management Regulations
The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations is one of the key components of the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act. Under the Regulations, all workplaces are required to conduct risk assessments for routine and non-routine work. Back to content page
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Risk Management involves
Overview of Risk Management Risk Management involves identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work; assessing the risks involved; prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks; controlling and monitoring the risks; and communicating these risks to all affected persons. Back to content page
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Employer Roles and Responsibilities
Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer TASK DETAILS Risk Assessment (RA) Ensure RA is conducted and available for all work activities Require RA updates to be provided in regular meetings (eg: WSH Committee Meeting) Ensure RA is reviewed / revised at least once every 3 years, or when there is an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence; a significant change in work processes, facilities, work practices or work procedures, or change in workplace condition and layout; or new information on WSH risks
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Employer Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer TASK DETAILS
Risk Control Measures (RCM) Require all reasonably practicable steps to be taken to eliminate/minimize any foreseeable risk Require RCM to be implemented according to the hierarchy of control Support the implementation of RCM Risk Register Require Risk Register to be updated and available at all time RA Records Ensure RA records are kept for 3 years from the approval date Contractors / suppliers Require contractors / suppliers to conduct RA and implement risk control measures for work carried out by them at the workplace
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Manager Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager TASK DETAILS
Risk Assessment (RA) Ensure RA is carried out and available for all work activities Approve RA and ensure risk level is not rated ‘high risk’ Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years from the approval date, or when there is an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence; a significant change in the work processes, facilities, work practices or work procedures, or change in workplace condition and layout; or new information on WSH risk
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Manager Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager TASK DETAILS
Risk Control Measures (RCM) Prepare an action plan to implement RCM Ensure RCM are carried out and monitor their effectiveness Ensure safe work procedures (SWP) are available for all operations and implemented Review RA if the RCM are inadequate and ineffective Risk Register Ensure risk register is updated and available at all time
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Manager Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager TASK DETAILS
RA Records Maintain and update RA records Keep RA records for 3 years from the approval date Contractors / suppliers Ensure contractors / suppliers conduct RA and implement risk control measures for work carried out by them within the workplace Communication Ensure all persons exposed to the risks are informed of : the nature of the risks risk control measures safe work procedures
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Human Resource Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Human Resource Manager1 TASK DETAILS Recruitment & Orientation Ensure that a robust recruitment process is in place to choose suitable job candidates who are able to meet position requirements and WSH obligations Ensure that all new employees are given appropriate and sufficient orientation, and WSH training to equip them with the relevant knowledge, skills and abilities to succeed in their positions Communication Specify safety and health responsibilities in the job descriptions of employees Ensure that these responsibilities are effectively communicated to all employees Support the Employer and Manager to ensure that RA, risk control measures and SWPs are effectively communicated to all employees. 1In the absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work profile of the Human Resource Manager should execute the duties mentioned above
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Human Resource Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Human Resource Manager TASK DETAILS Documentation Ensure that WSH training and other related RA records are documented Safety and Health Outcomes Work with the Manager and RM or RA Leaders to consider safety and health outcomes in employees’ performance evaluation, remuneration and discipline, and to ensure consistent behaviour and practices in line with organisational expectations, where applicable Implementation Implement programmes that support and maintain employees’ safety, health and wellbeing
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Employee Roles and Responsibilities of an Employee TASK DETAILS
Risk Assessment (RA) Understand the hazards and possible injury / ill-health for carrying out activities assigned to him Risk Control Measures (RCM) Comply with all risk control measures Adhere to safe work procedures established at the workplace Communication Inform Manager of : new hazards / risks and ways to reduce hazards / risks, or any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or risk control measures Report any unsafe behaviour of other workers Back to content page
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1 2 Communicate 3 4 5 Risk Management Process Preparation
Form Team Gather Relevant Information Identify Tasks of Each Process 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Communicate 3 Implementation Obtain Employer / Management Approval Implement Control Measures Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Audit / Regular Inspections 4 Record-keeping Must be Available upon Request Kept for at least 3 years 5 Review Review RA on a Regular Basis
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1 I. Form Team A. Appointment of RM Team A1. Employer to:
Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information I. Form Team A. Appointment of RM Team A1. Employer to: Appoint a RM Leader Appoint RM Members Ensure RM Team is trained and competent in risk management Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance is required
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1 A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a: RM Leader Preparation Form Team
Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a: RM Leader Prerequisite Senior member of the workplace Good knowledge of work activities Competent in RM Attended a RM course Roles Lead and coordinate RM implementation Provide RA updates and risk control measures to employer Obtain approval from Employer / Manager for the implementation of risk control measures
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1 A3. Prerequisite and Composition of : RM Members Preparation
Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information A3. Prerequisite and Composition of : RM Members Prerequisite Good knowledge of work activities Competent in RM Attended a RM course Composition Comprise staff/workers from different levels, discipline and work areas, where suitable E.g.: Management staff, area manager, engineers, RA Leaders, supervisors, production operators, WSH personnel, etc
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1 A4. Main Function of RM Team: Preparation RM Leader RM Members
Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information A4. Main Function of RM Team: Function Understand the workplace processes Set RM objectives Set RA boundaries, e.g.: by department function work activity Assign RA Teams to conduct RA for specific areas Decide on hazards review period RM Leader RM Members
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1 Appointment of RA Team B1. RM Team to:
Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information Appointment of RA Team B1. RM Team to: Appoint RA Leaders among the RM Members Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed
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1 B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a : RA Leader Preparation Form Team
Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a : RA Leader Prerequisite A member of RM Team Roles Form RA Team Lead and co-ordinate RA implementation Provide update to RM Team on RA implementation and risk control measures
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1 B3. Prerequisite and Composition of : RA Members Preparation
Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information B3. Prerequisite and Composition of : RA Members Prerequisite Good knowledge of the work activities Composition Comprise staff/workers involved in the work, as well as contractors, suppliers and other persons who are familiar with the work
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1 B4. Main Function of RA Team Preparation RA Leader RA Members
Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information B4. Main Function of RA Team RA Leader Function Conduct RA within the areas assigned by RM Team Determine if the hazards could bring harm beyond their work area Prepare Inventory of Work Activities RA Members
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Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader
1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information Relationship between RM Team and RA Team RM Team RA Leader who is also a RM Member RA Leader who is also a RM Member RA Team RA Team Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA LeaderÂ
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1 II. Identify Tasks of Each Process RM Team to set RA scope
Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information II. Identify Tasks of Each Process RM Team to set RA scope Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas Assign RA Team for each distinct area RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA) Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process and activity ( Please refer to Form 1: IWA form)
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1 III. Gather Relevant Information
Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information III. Gather Relevant Information A. RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping : Workplace layout plan Process or work flowchart List of work activities in the process
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1 B. RA Teams to gather information on RA process :
Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information B. RA Teams to gather information on RA process : List of tools, machinery and chemicals used Records of past incidents & accidents Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters WSH inspection records and audit reports Manufacturer’s instruction manual including safety data sheets Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications Details of existing risk control measures Safe work procedures Copies of previous RA Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers Past training records of employees Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide
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2 Risk Assessment is a process of :
Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Assessment is a process of : Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work; Assessing the risks involved; and Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities
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2 I. Hazard Identification A. What is a Hazard ?
Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control I. Hazard Identification A. What is a Hazard ? Anything, any source or any situation with the potential to cause bodily injury or ill-health
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2 B. How to Identify Hazard?
Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Identify Hazard? B1. RA Leader to determine ways to identify hazards brainstorming process review B2. RA Team to determine sources of hazards physical mechanical electrical B3. RA Team to consider if the hazards could cause harm beyond their immediate area of work process hazard analysis job observations & job safety analysis chemical biological psychosocial
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2 B. How to Identify Hazard?
Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Identify Hazard? B4. Organisational Culture and Personal Risk Factors RA should consider organisational culture and personal risk factors that could compromise employees’ work ability and safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness, fatigue, loss of concentration). Risk control measures can be implemented to take into account varying perceptions and behaviour. Examples of Work Organisation Factors: excessive workload prolonged working hours lack of adequate training inadequate acclimatisation to hot work environments
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2 B. How to Identify Hazard?
Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Identify Hazard? Examples of Individual Health Risk Factors: health risks uncovered from medical examinations individual susceptibility to certain health risks smoking as a risk factor for many diseases health effects of alcohol misuse
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control C. How to Identify Risk? C1. List all work activities from the Inventory of Work Activities (IWA) form in the ‘Sub-Activity’ column
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2 C2. List all hazards for each sub-activity in the ‘Hazard’ column
Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control C2. List all hazards for each sub-activity in the ‘Hazard’ column
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control C3. List all possible injuries / ill-health in the ‘Possible Injury / Ill-health’ column
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2 II. Risk Evaluation A. What is a Risk?
Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control II. Risk Evaluation A. What is a Risk? The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific bodily injury to any person
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Evaluate Risk? B1. List all existing control measures for each injury / ill-health in the ‘Existing Risk Controls’ column
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B2. Rate the most likely severity outcome of the injury in the ‘S’ column B3. Rate the likelihood that the hazard may cause the injury/ill-health in the ‘L’ column B4. Multiply the ‘S’ and ‘L’ columns in the Risk Prioritisation Number (RPN) column
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2 B5. Compare the ‘RPN’ against the Risk Matrix
Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B5. Compare the ‘RPN’ against the Risk Matrix B6. RA Team to take action according to the recommended actions based on the current risk level
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (1 of 2) A guide to severity rating A guide to likelihood rating
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (2 of 2) 5x5 Risk matrix with numeric ratings Recommended action for risk levels
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2 Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards
Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards Estimate employees’ exposure to health hazards where appropriate via established qualitative or quantitative assessments Compare exposure estimates to established Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or other health standards to establish likelihood of ill-health effects Consider relevant risk factors (see slides 43 and 44) Consider other factors such as potential cumulative exposure and synergistic effects, where applicable
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2 Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2) Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2)
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2 Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2) Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2)
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2 III. Risk Control What is Additional Risk Control?
Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control III. Risk Control What is Additional Risk Control? To eliminate, reduce or confine the risk to an acceptable level
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Control Risk? B1. Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control ELIMINATION PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SUBSTITUTION ENGINEERING CONTROLS ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Most Effective Least Effective Change the Work Process Provide Hearing Protectors Replace Metal Gears with Pulley with Belt Implement Noisy Machine Enclosure Implement Work Rotation Hierarchy of Control Examples for Noise Control
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2 B2. List all possible controls in the ‘Additional Controls’ column
Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B2. List all possible controls in the ‘Additional Controls’ column B3. Re-evaluate severity ‘S’, likelihood ‘L’ and ‘RPN’ scores New risk level (Note: New risk level should not be higher after the additional controls) Existing risk level
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2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B4. Identify specific person to lead the implementation of additional controls and due date B5. Record due-date for implementation B6. Implementation person to provide progress updates to RA Team
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3 Obtain Employer / Management Approval Manager to : Approve RA form
Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis Obtain Employer / Management Approval Manager to : Approve RA form Prepare an action plan to implement the measures Implement the recommended risk control measures Monitor the action plan
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3 II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Manager to Inform All Persons Exposed to the Risk about : The nature of risks Any measures / safe work procedures implemented Means to minimise / eliminate the risks
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3 Examples of Communication Channel :
Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis Examples of Communication Channel : Toolbox meeting / briefing before the start of any work Video tools Mechanical Lifting Machine Operation Maintenance Working in Noisy Environment
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3 III. Implement Control Measures Manager to :
Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis III. Implement Control Measures Manager to : Implement risk control measures Ensure an action plan is available, monitored and implemented (including timeline and person in charge) Ensure risk control measures are implemented and effective
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3 IV. Audit / Regular Inspections Manager to :
Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis IV. Audit / Regular Inspections Manager to : Ensure regular inspection and audits are carried out so that the risk control measures are implemented and effective
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3 V. Review RA on a Regular Basis Manager to :
Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis V. Review RA on a Regular Basis Manager to : Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years, or after an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence; a significant change in the work processes, facilities, work practices or work procedures, or change in workplace condition and layout (e.g.: introduction of new machinery, or chemicals or raw materials); or new information on WSH risk
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4 RA Records Must be Available upon Request Manager to :
Record-keeping Must be Available upon Request Keep for at least 3 years RA Records Must be Available upon Request Manager to : Ensure RA records to be readily available upon request RA records include: RA forms RA Register Risk control measures records Safe work procedures Training records
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4 Keep RA Records for at least 3 years Manager to :
Record-keeping Must be Available upon Request Keep for at least 3 years Keep RA Records for at least 3 years Manager to : Keep all RA records for at least 3 years Back to content page
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Workplace Safety and Health Act
References Workplace Safety and Health Act Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations Code of Practice on Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Risk Management Workplace Safety and Health Council Ministry of Manpower Back to content page
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