1. By: Mohima Yeasmin

2. Political and Military Cooperation Cold war: (1940s-1990s) most states joined the U.N. as well as regional organizations Regional organizations: put in to prevent and 3 rd word war and to protect from foreign attack

3. The United Nations Established in 1945 Stared as 49 states, grew to 191 in 2003 Rapidly increased in: 1955: 16 countries joined; mostly European 1960: 17 countries joined 1990: 26 countries joined; break up of soviet union and Yugoslavia

4. The 5 permanent members of the Security Council China France Russia United Kingdom United States They could veto

5. League of Nations World’s first attempt at international peacemaking was the League of Nation Established after World War I Was never effective In 1930s Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union withdrew

6. Regional Military Alliances In addition to joining the U.N. lots of states joined regional military alliances Resulted to states as superpowers: Soviet Union United States

7. Era of Two Superpowers Before World War I, 8 great powers existed By 1940s is when the other countries were sort of beaten by the two world wars and only the U.S. and the Soviet Union remained When lots of states were ranked in the great powers range with equal strength, not one state could dominate so they joined up to form a balance of powers

8. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Org. Signed Washington Treaty in 1949 Originally made to prevent Soviet Union from overrunning West Germany Now used to promote peace and security A military alliance US and Canada are the only countries not in Europe

9. Warsaw Pact Military alliance of communist E. Europe countries Made to defend each other if one was attacked

10. OAS Org. of American States Western hemisphere Promotes social, cultural, political and economics links

11. OAU Org. for African Unity Promoted end of colonialism in Africa Priority-eliminate minority, white-ruled government in S. Africa

12. Commonwealth of Nations UK and other former British colonies, African states or islands Made to get economic and cultural cooperation

13. European Union Increasingly turned to economic cooperation Western Europe's most important organization Formerly known as the European Economic Community, the common market, and the European Community Established in 1958 Included 6 countries: Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands Main task of the European Union is promote development within the member states simultaneously Being in the E.U. it makes it easy for the members to trade and cross borders

14. Former Communist Countries and the E.U. In 1949 during the cold was 7 Eastern European communist states in the Warsaw Pact formed an organization for economic cooperation, the council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) Germany lost most of it’s territory after WWII After Germany was defeated in World War II the victorious allies carved the country and it’s capital city of Berlin into four zones Each zone was controlled by one of the victors: the U.S. France the U.K. and the former Soviet Union

15. Former Communist Countries and the E.U. cont… Eight former communist countries joined the E.U. in 2004 that made the most progress in converting to market economies: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, Cyprus, and Malta Turkey was not European enough to join the E.U.

16. Global Forces, Local Impacts ***German Domination of Western Europe Economic and political unity may have reduced the importance of nation-states in Western Europe Germany is a newer nation- state than others of western Europe

17. Satellite Imagery of Military Sites Geographers interpret images sent from satellites to understand what is going on in places that cannot be reached by foot or a motor vehicle Photographs taken by reconnaissance aircraft have long been an important military tool The U.S. and other countries have long depended on satellite images to monitor military activities in other places in the world