1. the Bosporus strait the Dardanelles strait spices and jewelry

2. The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades

4. The Bosphorus splits Istanbul into two sides- Europe and Asia

5. Rome 509 BCE – 476 CE WestEast Middle Ages Byzantine Empire Name of time period after the fall of Rome Illiterate Decentralized Govt. Came to end at creation of printing press Fell to the Seljuk Turks

6. From E. Empire to Byzantine Empire Territory was too large Territory was too large Most land was lost – except the Balkans and Asia Minor = Byzantine Empire Most land was lost – except the Balkans and Asia Minor = Byzantine Empire

7. Political: Political: –Highly centralized –Elaborate bureaucracies –Diplomacy –Most famous Byzantine emperor: Justinian

8. Justinian E. Roman Emperor – 527 – expanded empire E. Roman Emperor – 527 – expanded empire Rebuilt Constantinople Rebuilt Constantinople Theodora – Justinian’s wife Theodora – Justinian’s wife Built Hagia Sophia Built Hagia Sophia

9. Justinian’s Palace

11. Justinian’s Law Code: Simplified Roman Laws – became basis of legal system in all of Europe Simplified Roman Laws – became basis of legal system in all of Europe –Greatest accomplishment –Created unity and organization to the empire

12. Hagia Sophia

14. Entering Hagia Sophia

15. Ceiling inside

16. Notice the Muslim and Christian decor

17. Window

18. The Blue Mosque

19. Court yard of Blue Mosque Court yard of Blue Mosque

20. All women must have their hair and shoulders covered while inside All women must have their hair and shoulders covered while inside

21. Muslims wash before prayer at these stations Muslims wash before prayer at these stations

22. Stained glass Not just a tourist atraction like the Hagia Sofia the Blue Mosque is a functioning mosque Not just a tourist atraction like the Hagia Sofia the Blue Mosque is a functioning mosque

23. Military Expanded Empire under Justinian Expanded Empire under Justinian Held off Arab advances in 7 th and 8 th centuries Held off Arab advances in 7 th and 8 th centuries “Greek Fire” – new weapon, mixture of petroleum, quicklime, and sulfur; devastated Arab ships “Greek Fire” – new weapon, mixture of petroleum, quicklime, and sulfur; devastated Arab ships

24. Life in Constantinople Largest city in Middle Ages Largest city in Middle Ages Center of trade btw the E. and W. Center of trade btw the E. and W. Hippodrome (like coliseum), many churches Hippodrome (like coliseum), many churches

25. Entrance to Grand Bazaar

26. Inside oldest indoor bazaar

27. Western Roman Empire vs. E. Roman Empire (Byzantine)

28. Official Language Western Roman = Latin Western Roman = Latin Eastern Roman = Greek Eastern Roman = Greek

29. Capital Western Roman = Rome Western Roman = Rome Eastern Roman = Constantinople Eastern Roman = Constantinople

30. Church Western Roman = Roman Catholic Western Roman = Roman Catholic Eastern Roman = Eastern Orthodox Eastern Roman = Eastern Orthodox

31. Head of Church Western Roman = Pope Western Roman = Pope Eastern Roman = Emperor then patriarch Eastern Roman = Emperor then patriarch

32. Used Icons? Western Roman = yes Western Roman = yes Eastern Roman = icons were banned, but restored in 843 Eastern Roman = icons were banned, but restored in 843

33. Split in church Schism = separation Schism = separation E. Orthodox Church was unwilling to accept the pope’s claim that he was the sole pope (they both excommunicated each other) E. Orthodox Church was unwilling to accept the pope’s claim that he was the sole pope (they both excommunicated each other)