1. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Measuring Tools Tape Measure Plastic or metal case, appropriate for general scenic measuring Tri Square Used as a guide for marking 90-degree angles Combination Square Used for marking 45- and 90-degree angles Bevel Protractor Adjustable and used for marking 0 to 90-degree angles

2. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Measuring Tools Framing Square Used for checking accuracy of 90-degree corner joints in flat construction Bevel Set Used for transferring angles from one piece of work to another Carpenter’s Level Used to determine true horizontal and vertical angles

3. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Marking Tools Pencils Either carpenter’s pencils or number two yellows china markers used for marking metal wax pencils for lighting color media Scribe “Scratch awl” Used for marking wood, metal, and plastic; can also be used to make starter holes Chalk line Used to mark straight lines

4. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Hammers Claw Hammer Designed for inserting and removing nails Rip Hammer Can be used for prying or ripping apart previously nailed wood Ball Peen Hammer Used for bending and shaping metal and seating rivets

5. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Hammers Mechanic’s Hammer Used for shaping metal Tack Hammer Used for inserting tacks, the face is magnetized to hold tacks in place Mallet Wooden, plastic, or metal head, they are used for driving chisels

6. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Saws Crosscut Saw Used to cut across the grain of wood Rip Saw Designed to cut parallel with the grain of the wood Backsaw and Miter Box Fine-toothed crosscut saw, used with the miter box for more accurate cuts

7. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Saws Keyhole Saw Used for making curvilinear cuts in stock lumber Coping Saw Used for making fine, curvilinear cuts in thin plywood Hacksaw Adjustable frame saw for cutting metal

8. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Utility Knife Used to trim excess muslin from the edges of flats as well as to cut out stencils and other lightweight cutting projects Scissors Used to cut papers and fabrics Tin Snips Used to cut thin ferrous and nonferrous strap and sheet metals

9. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Wood Chisel Used for gouging, paring, or smoothing wood Cold Chisel Used for cutting through, or shearing, mild steel and nonferrous metals

10. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Planes Block Plane Used to smooth the ends (across the grain) of boards Smoothing Plane Applied parallel to the grain of the wood

11. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Planes Spoke Shave Pulled across the surface of the work and used to soften or round sharp edges Surform Tools Not really a plane or a file, they are pushed across the work, cross-grain or parallel

12. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Files Wood Rasp Used for rough shaping of wood Wood File Used for smoothing wooden and plastic surfaces

13. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Files Rat-Tail File Can be used with wood, plastic, and metal Metal File Has very fine teeth for use on metal

14. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Drilling Tools Bits Twist-Drill Bits Designed for use with either wood or metal Wood Bits Designed for use in wood or soft plastic, used with power hand drills or drill presses Auger Bits Used with the brace for cutting holes in wood

15. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Drilling Tools Hole Saws Used to center the saw in the work

16. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Clamping Tools C Clamp Used for holding work together while the parts are being assembled or while glue dries’ Sliding Bar Clamp Spring Clamp

17. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Pliers Slip-Joint Pliers Used for clamping, gripping, bending, cutting light wire Linesman Pliers Used for clamping, gripping, bending, cutting light wire Long-Nose Pliers Useful for holding small objects in hard-to- reach places

18. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Locking Pliers “Vise Grip” Used to grasp, lock, and hold almost any object Diagonal Cutters Used by electricians for cutting soft wire Tongue and Groove Pliers Used for holding metal pipe and tubing and other similar gripping jobs Channel locks, spanners, Adjustable Arc-Joint Pliers

19. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Wrenches Open-End Wrench Designed to fit nuts of specific standard or metric diameter Box-End Wrench Have a closed, toothed head that must be fit over the nut Combination Wrench Have one end open the other is closed

20. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Adjustable-End Wrench “Crescent Wrench” It adapts to fit any small to medium sized nut

21. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Wrenches Monkey Wrench Adjustable, used on large nuts and other work too large for the crescent wrench Pipe Wrench Used to hold or twist metal pipes Socket Set and Ratchet Handle Allows you to tighten and loosen nuts without removing the socket from the nut

22. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Screwdrivers Standard Screwdriver Available in a variety of sizes Philips Screwdriver Four-flanged tip allows for more rotational force Nut Driver Used for tightening small hex nuts on bolts

23. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Misc Hand Tools Wrecking bars (crow bar/wonder) Used to pry wood apart and remove nails Sandpaper Used for smoothing wood, metal, and plastic

24. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 8: Tools and Materials © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Hand Tools: Misc Hand Tools Staple Gun Used for attaching muslin to flat frames and fabric to furniture