1. Pharos University جامعه فاروس Faculty of Engineering كلية الهندسة Petrochemical Department قسم البتروكيماويات PE 330 ENERGY CONSERVATION LECTURE (1) 1. INTRODUCTION: Energy is usually defined as the capacity to do work. All of us use energy every day—for transportation, cooking, heating and cooling rooms, manufacturing, lighting, and entertainment. There are many things we can do to use less energy and use it more wisely. Two main ways to save energy are energy conservation and using alternative energy sources.

2. 2- Energy Conservation :  Energy conservation is any behavior that results in the use of less energy. Turning the lights off when you leave the room and recycling aluminum cans are both ways of conserving energy.  The decision to replace an incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent that uses less energy than an incandescent bulb is an example of energy conservation.  Recycling often saves energy and natural resources through conservation. It almost always takes less energy to make a product from recycled materials than it does to make it from new materials

3. 3- Energy Sources: Our major source of energy today is the combustion of fossil fuels such as cool, natural gas & petroleum are used directly by us. Development of gas turbine & the internal combustion engines has made it possible to use the heat involved in combustion of fuels to generate electric & mechanical energy. It appears that we will run out of petroleum and natural gas by about 2020 unless domestic supplies are extend by taking one or more of the following steps : - Reduce the consumption of fuels Use of more coal Develop New sources of energy

4. 4-Renewable and Non-renewable sources of energy:  Coal, Ores, Petroleum, timbers, natural gas, lignite, uranium Etc., are some of examples for non-renewable source of energy.  Wood, wind energy, solar energy, Tidal energy, Hydel power, bio-bas gas, bio mass, nuclear fusion, ocean currents, Geo thermal energy, vegetable refuse etc, are some of the examples for renewable sources of energy.