1. Chapter 13 The Presidency

2. The Many Roles of the President chief of state – the role of the president as the ceremonial head of government chief executive – the role of the president as the head of the executive branch of the government commander in chief of the armed forces – the role of the president as the supreme commander of military forces of the U.S. chief diplomat – the role of the president in recognizing federal governments, making treaties, and making executive agreements chief legislator – the role of the president in influencing the making of laws

4. The President as Chief Legislator the State of the Union Address Proposing legislation –typically easier to get Presidential initiatives passed when President’s party control Congress –typically more difficult when it does not Vetoing legislation –requires a veto message

5. SOURCES: Louis Fisher, The Politics of Shared Power: Congress and the Executive, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1987), p. 30; Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, October 17, 1992, p. 3249; and authors’ update.

6. Special Uses of Presidential Power Emergency Powers Executive Orders – have the force of law –can be used to enforce legislative statutes –can be used to enforce the Constitution or treaties with foreign nations –can be used to establish or modify rules and practices of executive administrative agencies Executive Privilege Impoundment of Funds

7. The Executive Organization The Cabinet – comprised of the 13 cabinet secretaries and the Attorney general, the cabinet is an advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions The Executive Office of the President (the EOP) – consists of 10 staff agencies that assist the president in carrying out major duties –includes the White House Office (WHO) –the National Security Council (NSC) –the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) –the Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)