1. Public Policy 1.Federalism 2.Social Policy 3.Economic Policy

2. Federalism State Government State Parliament Chief Minister Village Panchayats (Part IX of Constitution)Constitution

3. Social Policy Affirmative Action Reserved seats in elected parliaments National Commission for Scheduled CastesScheduled Castes National Commission for Scheduled TribesScheduled Tribes Government Positions

4. Reserved Seats in Parliament (Art. 330)

5. Socialist Economic Policy Nationalization National Planning Commission – 1950 – Five Year Plans “Hindu Rate of Growth” -- 3.2%

6. 1990s Economic Crisis

7. Political-Military Crisis

8. Reforms Begin: Congress Party Nehru Dynasty over 1991 Reforms PM P.V, Narasimha Rao, 1991-96 Finance Minister Manmohan Singh

9. The Reforms Open up economy to foreign investment Privatization Ending government control of economy Reduce government regulation Export Processing Zones

10. Economic Results (from BBC News: China and India, Key Facts; http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456964/html/nn3page1.stma)

11. Political Results 1996 Election Party1991 Seats1996 Seats Congress225136 BJP119160

12. BJP Constituency Elites who benefit from government policy Government employees Business protected by the government Poor who live off government assistance Anti-affirmative action groups Hindu nationalists

13. Economic Reform BJP vs. Congress Pace Depth Openness