1. Group 1 Hannah, Teddy, Claire and Ashley

2. Three things we have in common 1.Predominantly exacerbated by industrial activity – Outdoor and indoor air pollution – Power tool and vehicle use 2. Exacerbated in urban areas. Eg. New Delhi 3. All have a threshold of exposure. Our physical hazards are not instantaneously debilitating.

3. Unique characteristics Physical hazards: Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome. Outdoor air pollution: affects everyone. Respiratory disease: popcorn lung. Extreme temperature: global issue, highly political. Polarizing.

4. Severity of consequences Most hazardous to most people: Air pollution & respiratory disorders Moderately hazardous to some people: extreme temperature (relatively easy to avoid and control) Moderately hazardous to fewer people: Hand- Arm vibration. Moderately hazardous to many people: whole body transport vibration.

5. Ease of protection Protective equipment available for physical and respiratory hazards in the workplace. Extreme temperature and air pollution are difficult to avoid – and may be affected by socioeconomic status.

6. Peer Teaching GROUP 2

7.  Chemical Hazards  Radiation  Cancer  Reproductive and Developmental Disorders HAZARDS

8.  Cause and effect relationship between chemical hazards and radiation, and cancer/reproductive and development  All exist naturally and synthetically  All could be mitigated with proper prevention techniques (ease of protection) THREE THINGS IN COMMON

9.  Chemical  Naturally what can kill one thing, is what provides survival for another  Example: Snakes venom – kills prey faster – helps snakes hunt and survive  Radiation  The breadth of various uses from technology to medicine to the sun  Cancer  Can be a product of environmental or occupational hazards, or can be naturally occurring  Reproductive and Developmental Disorders  Everyone takes part in the process UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS

10.  Severity of Consequences  Reproduction and Developmental Disorders – could lead to no population  Radiation (sun)  Chemical Hazards/Cancer  Radiation (everything else) RANKING

11. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, HAZARDOUS WASTE, CHEMICAL HAZARDS, CARDIOVASCULAR GROUP 3: INDUSTRIALIZATION

12. COMMONALITIES Ex. Factory workers All chapters were related to one’s occupation 95% of hazardous waste = industrial waste Victims experience non-specific signs & symptoms Often go unnoticed / undiagnosed Ex. Headaches, dizziness, lung and heart Vulnerability = working class, underserved communities, people under stress

13. UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Chemical hazard / CVD = “Monday morning death” and “powder head” Hazardous waste = Strict legal classification Indoor air pollution = Females are the most vulnerable

14. RANKING All roads lead to death BUT when ranked based on perceived ease of protection… Chemical hazards Indoor air pollution Hazardous waste CVD

15. Water, food, biological, and skin hazards Group 4: Katherine Lee, David Bazylewicz, Jamil Samkari, Alexander Neale

16. Unique characteristics Water contamination: Runoff from agricultural land, sewage into the ocean Food safety: Scale of food production can turn an initially minor problem into a major outbreak Biological hazards: Spread between humans/animals, humans/humans can be on a global scale Skin disorders: Relatively easy to prevent and treat

17. Commonalities Bioterrorism usage Emphasis on infectious diseases (outbreaks, spread) Multiple diseases associated with each hazard Global issues

18. Severity of potential consequences & Ease of protection 4: Skin disorders (least severe) 3: Food safety 2: Water contamination 1: Biological hazards (most severe)

19. Questions?

20. Group 5: Commonality Categories tend to fall more in the chronic exposure category. All have long-term psychiatric implications. All more occupational rather than environmental SES a critical factor in expsures.

21. Unique Occupational Stress – exposure to stressful working conditions, which can have direct influence on worker safety and health. – “Invisible; subject to personal situation” Injuries – cause by accute exposure in the workpalce or sudden lack of essential agents. – “Homicide as an injury” Musculoskeletal – Non-traumatic disorder often caused by repetative motion or overexertion. – “Chronic pain” Neurologic – exposure to a neurologic toxin; factors that influence development of psychiatric conditions. – “Loss of sensory and motor function”

22. Severity 1) Injuries 2) Occupational Stress/Neurologic 3) Musculoskeletal

23. Ease of Protection 1) Injuries 2) Neurologic 3) Occupational Stress 4) Musculoskeltal

24. PDPPs Occupational Stress – stress still a problem despite being recognized by multiple regulatory bodies. Injuries – men account for 90% of fatal occupational injuries, BUT in women, homicide accounts for a higher proportion of deaths than men. Musculoskeletal – was an OSHA category in 2002, but removed in 2003 for unknown reasons. Neurologic – homicide is the 2 nd leading cause of occupational deaths

25. Adapted from: M.S. Winkler et al. / Environmental Impact Assessment Review 30 (2010) 52–61