2. ACCIDENT IN WORKPLACE Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine, UNPAD

3. ACCIDENT An accident is an unanticipated, sudden event that may cause an undesired outcome such as property damage, bodily injury, or death Injury is physical damage to body tissues caused by an accident or by exposure to environmental stressor. 3

4. Definition TermDefinition Accident A sudden even that results in an undesired outcome such as property damage, bodily injury or death Occupational accident Accident occurring at the workplace which may cause damage to machinery, tools or people Injury Physical damage to body tissue caused by an accident or by exposure to environmental stressor 4

5. accidents are caused by o failure of people  equipment o chemicals  the surrounding environment 5

6. Accidents result in : loss of life pain and suffering injury lost wages for the injured property damage (damage to facilities and equipment) lost production opportunity 6

7. THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS difficult to summarize Many accidents are clearly multi factorial Some of the more important factors are - age - experience - time of day - work rate - type of work - health of the worker - industrial relations 7

8. 8 Causes of occupational accidents and injury 1. Human factors Age, experience, use medicines or drugs, motivation Age, experience, use medicines or drugs, motivation 2. Environmental factors Lighting, noise, temperature Lighting, noise, temperature

9. There 3 different kinds of the causes accidents 1. Direct causes 2. Indirect causes 3. Root causes 9

10. Direct Causes of Accidents 1. Physical and energy sources Mechanical : equipment, tools, moving parts Electrical : poor insulation, high voltage Thermal : conduction, convection, Radiation, heat transfer Noise : intensity : frequency Radiation : ionizing, non ionizing 2. Hazardous material Compressed or liquefied gas Corrosive, flammable, radioactive, or Explosive materials Oxidizers Poisons Dust 10

11. Indirect Causes of Accidents Unsafe acts Failure to use proper PPE Improper equipment or chemical Placement Failure to secure equipment Making safety devices inoperable Operating equipment without authority Operating equipment improperly Operating defective equipment Servicing equipment as it operating Failure to warn personnel Horseplay Drugs or alcohol Smoking in prohibited area Using an unsafe position 11

12. Indirect Causes of Accidents Unsafe operating conditions Poor housekeeping Fire and explosion hazards Hazardous air contaminant Poor ventilation Inadequate warning systems Poor illumination Defective equipment or tools Inadequate guards and supports Electrical power failure Instrumentation failure Control valve failure Equipment failure 12

13. Root Causes of Accidents Safety policy not defined and communicated Responsibility, authority, and accountability not assigned Emphasis on production, rather than safety Lack of direct communication with management Unsafe design and selection of equipment, chemicals, process, and fatalities Inadequate safety inspection procedures Insufficient procedures and safety training for normal and emergency situations Inadequate employee selection, supervision, and rewards 13

14. Prevention Future accidents can be reduced by eliminating one or more potential causes. Accident investigations should be conducted whenever there is lost time injury or a fatality. 14

15. Accident Prevention 1. Designing a machine : smooth, comfortable, time efficient motions 2. Evaluating the mechanics of human gait to determine forces acting between the floor surface and the sole of the shoe 3. Designing warning sign 15

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