1. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment
Pure Water

2. Unit Map Set Up Unit Name: Water Purification and Wastewater treatment
Unit Essential Question: Why is it important to purify and treat water?

3. Unit Map Set Up
Lesson essential questions and vocab (as we go)

4. Lesson Essential Question
Why must water be purified?

5. Objectives Understand that water is not pure
Understand why water is not pure

6. “Pure” water
What do you think of when you hear this?
Let’s test this.

7. Pure Water Water is never pure in nature
Most effective of all natural solvents
Examples: Sugar Water, Coca Cola

8. Pure Water Water holds substances in suspension
Fast moving- holds large particles
Slow moving- holds smaller particles

9. Vocab
Solution- molecules of one substance dissipated among the molecules of another substance
Suspension- solid particles held temporarily or permanently in a liquid
Solvent- substances that dissolve other substances

10. Exit Question
What did you see in your water?

11. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment
Water Processing

12. Warm-up
What is a solution? Give an example.

13. Lesson Essential Question
How is water processed?

14. Objectives
Discuss how water is processed

15. Processing Water Treated depending on where it comes from
Clean groundwater needs little pre treatment

16. Processing Water
Municipal reservoir water, upland streams, and lakes with limited inflow need minimal treatment

17. Processing Water
Water from rivers with industrial agriculture and municipal wastes needs extensive treatment

18. Treatment Systems 2 types in use Individual Household systems
Septic treatment systems
Large-scale wastewater treatment systems
Vary based on nature and size

19. Activity
Pollution travel map

20. Why is it important to understand what is in our water?
Exit Question
Why is it important to understand what is in our water?

21. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment
Water Impurities

22. Warm-up
What is this?

23. Lesson Essential Question
What are some chemical water impurities?

24. Objectives
Outline impurities that must be removed from water for use by humans.

25. Water Impurities
3 categories
Chemical
Biological
turbidity

26. Chemical Impurities Can result in 1 of 3 conditions
Water that is dangerous to drink
Undesirable color or smell
Too acidic or alkaline

27. Chemical Impurities
To be used for human consumption, water pH should be near 7.0
Minerals, metals and salts are almost always present in clear water

28. Chemical Impurities
Distilled water is close to pure, but contains impurities
Low levels of dissolved minerals and metals is healthy for people

29. Chemical Impurities
When concentrations get high, water no longer good and becomes detrimental to human health

30. Chemical Impurities
Water from ground supplies contains dissolved iron or manganese
Forms rust when exposed to oxygen
Toilet bowls, sinks, plumbing fixtures

31. Chemical Impurities Make soap less effective Tastes bad
Hard water-result of excess calcium or magnesium, form scale deposits that clog up pipes and plumbing
Make soap less effective
Tastes bad
Treated with “softening” agents

32. Chemical Impurities Sulfur dioxide- rotten egg smell
Sulfur content in water
Sulfur dioxide- rotten egg smell
Yellows clothes if washed

33. Chemical Impurities Common fertilizers, water-soluble
Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus
Common fertilizers, water-soluble
Promote algae growth
Cause serious health problems

34. Chemical Impurities Dissolved hydrocarbons
Disolved methane, methanol, and various alcohols
Tannin- hydrocarbon from decaying organic matter
Excess chlorine- bad taste
Excess fluorine- discolorations on teeth

35. Chemical Impurities
Testing for Pesticide Concentrations Lab
Turn in Questions at the end of class

36. Hard water- a result of excess calcium or magnesium
Vocab
Hard water- a result of excess calcium or magnesium

37. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment
Water Impurities

38. How is hard water treated?
Warm-up
How is hard water treated?

39. Lesson Essential Question
What are some biological impurities in water?

40. Objectives
Outline impurities that must be removed from water for use by humans.

41. Biological Impurities
Range from mammals to viruses and from aquatic trees to algae
In water treatment, fish, crustaceans, worms, and macro-invertebrate are removed at the beginning by screening

42. Biological Impurities
Larger plants and plant parts are also removed by screening
Small plants, including algae are not completely removed by screening, they require treatment

43. Biological Impurities
Algae
Tiny green plants that grow in sunlight and air
Generally harmless but can remove oxygen from water that will kill fish

44. Biological Impurities
Bacteria and Fungi
Serve as decomposers and help break down organic matter and chemicals into harmless compounds

45. Biological Impurities
Bacteria and Fungi
Can be dangerous as pathogens (disease causing organisms)
Typhoid fever and cholera

46. Biological Impurities
Bacteria and Fungi
Protozoa- single-celled animals that occur naturally in all healthy water supplies

47. Biological Impurities
Bacteria and Fungi
Certain protozoa pathogenic
Diarrhea and dysentery (inflammation of intestine that causes diarrhea- fatal)
Helmiths- microscopic wormlike organisms that can infest the intestinal tract causing illness.

48. Turbidity Solid matter suspended in liquid
Naturally solid matter held in suspension
Visible concentration= aesthetically unpleasing
Removal important step for human use

49. Vocab
Macroinvertebrate- organisms that do not have a backbone and are visible without a microscope.
Algae- tiny green plants that grow in sunlight and air

50. Vocab
Protozoa- single-celled animals that occur naturally in healthy water supplies
Helmiths- microscopic wormlike organisms that can infest the intestinal tract causing illness

51. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment

52. How do we treat wastewater?
Warm-up
How do we treat wastewater?

53. Lesson Essential Question
How are different types of water treated to be safe for human consumption?

54. Objectives List and describe kinds of wastewater generated
Describe how septic systems are designed and how they work
Discuss how wastewater is treated before it is returned to the water

55. Water Treatment Objective- produce potable water supply
Majority of water must be purified before it is safe for human consumption

56. Well Water Generally safe
Test periodically for biological or chemical contaminants
May contain undesirable levels of iron, manganese, or sulfur, excess calcium or magnesium

57. Well Water
Treatment systems from commercial sources to remove metals and minerals
Water softeners available
Commercial iron and sulfur removal systems and activated charcoal filter systems for household use

58. Municipal Water Treatment Plants
Vary depending on size of the community and nature of the water source
influent- water moving into a treatment system
Effluent- water that comes out the other end of the system and is ready for use

59. Municipal Water Treatment Plants
Typical Plan
Figure 15.5

60. Vocab
Potable water- water that is chemically and microbiologically safe and that is otherwise suitable for human consumption

61. Vocab Influent- water moving into a treatment system
Effluent- water that comes out the other end of the system and is ready for use

62. Vocab
Coagulation- physical process of smaller particles clumping together to form larger particles that will later be allowed to settle out of the water

63. Vocab
Flocculation- process of stirring together influent with coagulants or other additives that assist in the water purification process
Flocculator – large tank where paddles stir the water to induce clumping

64. Exit Question
What type of system does your family have? Do you do anything extra to make sure the water that you are drinking is pure?

65. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment

66. Warm-up
List the steps in a municipal water treatment plant.

67. Lesson Essential Question
How is water processed through a municipal water treatment system?

68. Objectives List and describe kinds of wastewater generated
Describe how septic systems are designed and how they work
Discuss how wastewater is treated before it is returned to the water

69. Municipal Wastewater Treatment
3 phases
Primary waste treatment
Secondary waste treatment
Tertiary waste treatment

70. Primary Waste Treatment
Mechanical system that collects the wastewater and removes the items that settle from it
Includes a screening device, grit chamber, settling tank, sludge digester, and drying beds

71. Primary Waste Treatment
Removes 2/3 of wastes from water
Grit chamber- wastes ground into finer particles to speed up the decomposition

72. Primary Waste Treatment
Wastes then settle into the sedimentation tank
Wastes removed and placed into sludge digester

73. Secondary Waste Treatment
Biological processing of sewage
½ of all city plants contain this system
Extension of the primary system

74. Secondary Waste Treatment
Piped through aeration tank to increase oxygen content
Aerobic bacteria increase, increases efficiency of treatment
Water then pumped into sedimentation tank for settling
Remaining water discharged after treated with chlorine

75. Secondary Waste Treatment
Sludge sent through aeration tank to allow decomposition
Removes 90% of organic wastes
Chemical compounds (nitrates, phosphates) remain and require more treatment

76. Tertiary Waste Treatment
Chemical processing of sewage wastewater
Removes nitrates and phosphates
More costly
Used only when water is being reused

77. Tertiary Waste Treatment
Add lime to remove phosphates
Stripping tower to remove nitrates

78. Vocab
Stripping tower- vertical tank through which the water moves slowly while the lime and water are in contact, allowing the chemical reaction that removes the excess nitrates.

79. Vocab
Grit chamber- wastes ground into finer particles to speed up the decomposition

80. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment
Water Conservation

81. Warm-up
What can we do to conserve water?

82. Lesson Essential Question
How can water be preserved?

83. Water Conservation Should reserve top quality water for drinking
Use lesser quality for washing cars, flushing toilets, and water our lawns

84. Water Conservation Recycle ALL water, even sewage water
Federal government placing tighter pollution standards on industrial water supplies=forces them to reuse water over and over.

85. Test Review
Worksheet