1. World History: Get to work on Chapter 8 Section 1 Focus Questions. Answer in Bullet AND Paragraph Essay Form

2. “And the entire City was to be seen in the tents of the [Turkish] camp, the city deserted, lying lifeless, naked, soundless, without either form or beauty. O City, City, head of all cities! O City, City, center of the four corners of the world! O City, City, pride of the Romans, civilizer of the barbarians!”

3. Greek Historian Ducas, who witnessed the fall of Constantinople in 1453. What can we learn about Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire from the short quote? The Byzantine Empire descended from what empire? Based on what we know of Roman culture, guess some of the key features of the Byzantine Empire. “And the entire City was to be seen in the tents of the [Turkish] camp, the city deserted, lying lifeless, naked, soundless, without either form or beauty. O City, City, head of all cities! O City, City, center of the four corners of the world! O City, City, pride of the Romans, civilizer of the barbarians!”

4. What great contributions were made by Justinian? Theodora Men couldn’t beat wives. Wives could sue for divorce. Women can own property. Widows could keep children. Belisarius Justinian appointed him Military Commander Expanded Territory of Byzantine Empire. Hagia Sophia Justinian Code Preservation of Roman Law

5. Political Strengths Military Strengths Economic Strengths Strengths of the Byzantine Empire In your W.N., complete the chart: Consult p189-190 Chapter 8 Section 1 for help

6. Political Strengths Military Strengths Economic Strengths Strengths of the Byzantine Empire Loyal, Skilled officials Marriage alliances Intelligence Shrewd Diplomacy (Intrigues) Strategy manuals Improved weapons & armor Effective Navy Battering rams “Greek Fire” Trade center of the world – Constantinople Large tax revenues Paid Soldiers & Officials

7. On the board, sign your name under one of the headings. Alphabet Artist Architect

8. If your last name is A-G, you are creator of the Cyrillic alphabet If your last name is H-N, you are a Byzantine artist If your last name is O-Z, you are the architect who built the Hagia Sophia Prepare a speech explaining why you made the most important contribution to Byzantine culture.

9. Cyrillic Alphabet Teaching Slavs to read the Bible Eastern European & Russian peoples still use the Cyrillic alphabet to this day.

10. Art - Mosaics Inlaid pieces of stone, glass or enamel. Artists used as icons.

11. Architecture – the Hagia Sophia

15. Byzantine Culture What seems to be the unifying theme among these different elements of Byzantine culture? Importance of

16. “The Christian Church” Read pg. 191-192. In your W.N., Describe the two sides of the Debate. With which side do you agree, and why?

17. Values Continuum Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree

18. values continuum I like spicy food. I desire brutal honesty in my relationships. Under no circumstance should abortion be legal. The US needs the death penalry. Icons are good

19. The Iconoclastic Controversy Heresy Excommunication Pope in Rome vs. Patriarch in Constantinople Icons vs. Iconoclasts Church Split 1054 Roman Catholic Church vs. Eastern Orthodox Church

20. Decline of the Byzantine Empire Create a time line extending from 1000 to 1500A.D. noting the events that contributed to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. Under each event, write a descriptive statement that explains its significance.

21. Decline of the Byzantine Empire Early 1000s Saljuq Turks capture most of Asia Minor. 1054 Church Split 1096-97 Western European crusaders recaptured western Asia Minor for the Byzantines. 1204 Crusaders captured Constantinople for themselves. 1261 The Byzantines recaptured Constantinople and reorganized the empire. 1453 Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople.

22. Review the most important aspects of the Byzantine Empire: Politics Military Economy Alphabet Art Architecture Decline Most people in the Byzantine Empire could not read. Create visual images that would help students of history learn about and understand the important aspects of the Byzantine Empire. (A “Picture” Review Sheet)

23. Review the most important aspects of the Byzantine Empire: Politics Military Economy Alphabet Art Architecture Decline Most people in the Byzantine Empire could not read. Create visual images that would help students of history learn about and understand the important aspects of the Byzantine Empire. (A “Picture” Review Sheet)