1. Morphology Compounding and derivation

2. Compounds of different categories N + Napron string, kitchen towel, bathroom, police car A + Nhigh school, smallpox, dimwit, greenbelt P + Noverdose, underdog, afterthought, uptown V + Nswearword, rattlesnake, whetstone, scrubwoman N + Aheadstrong, honey-sweet, skin-deep, nationwide A + Ared-hot, worldy-wise, widespread P + Aoverabundant, underripe, underprivileged V + A--- N + Vcolour-code, breast-feed, chain-smoke, pan-fry A + Vsharpshoot, dry-clean, whitewash P + Voutperform, underfeed, overreact V + Vstirfry

3. An arbitrary lexical gap in English: V-A compounds fonkel-nieuw druip-nat fonkel V -nieuw A druip V -nat A (Dutch) shine new drip wet ‘brand new’ ‘soaking wet’

4. Heads of compounds Right-hand Head Rule The head of a compound is its right-hand member. Not universal: matang-lawinlasang-isda(Tagalog) eyes hawktasting fish ‘hawkeyes’‘fishy-tasting’ timbre poste bleu ciel(French) stamp postage blue sky ‘postage stamp’ ‘sky blue’

5. Exocentric compounds Compounds without a head: sabretooth (a type of animal, not a type of tooth) redneck (a type of person, not a type of neck) skinhead (a type of person, not a type of head)

6. Compound stress in English On the left-hand member: kítchen towel báthroomwhítewashhéadstrong

7. Synthetic compounds Compounds that only show up in combination with derivation: truck-driv-er, dish-wash-er, blue-eye-ed, fair-skin-ed *to truck-drive, *to dish-wash *She truckdrives all day long while he dishwashes. *his blue-eyes

8. What is the head of a derived word? I The free morpheme? concern - unconcern concern N - unconcern N match - rematch match N - rematch N tie – untie tie V – untie V paint – repaint paint V – repaint V happy – unhappy happy A – unhappy A

9. What is the head of a derived word? II The affix? to swim – swim-er to swim V – swim-er N to sing – sing-er to sing V – sing-er N solid – solid-ify solid A – solid-ify V glory – glory-ify glory N – glory-ify V to do – do-able to do V – do-able A to dispense – dispense-able to dispense V – dispense-able A

10. What is the head of a derived word? III Does the Right-hand Head Rule hold for derived words as well? Maybe. Although:throne – de-throne Although:throne N – de-throne V slave – en-slave slave N – en-slave V cloud – be-cloud cloud N – be-cloud V

11. Class I versus Class II affixes Some affixes are stress-attracting: sólid – solíd-ify íllustrate – illustrát-ion grammátical – grammaticál-ity jústify – justifý-able Others are stress-neutral: stándard – stándard-ize defénsive – defénsive-ness pénny – pénny-less grammátical – un-grammátical

12. Rule ordering? attachment of class-I affixes  stress rules  attachment of class-II affixes express-ion-less express-ion I -less II reason-able-ness reason-able I -ness II *fear-less-ity *fear-less II -ity I *tender-ness-ify *tender-ness II -ify I But:develop-ment-al But:develop-ment II -al I

13. Allomorphy The same morpheme can have different shapes. Stem allomorphy: index indic-es Affix allomorphy: work-ertranslate-or drive-er instruct-or drive-er instruct-or

14. The base of a derived word need not be an independently existing word. spiritual – spiritual-ist – spiritual-ist-ic surreal – surreal-ist – surreal-ist-ic cannibal – #cannibal-ist – cannibal-ist-ic character – #character-ist – character-ist-ic