1. Cognitizm

2. UNKNOWN WORDS Argue:Tartışma Generate:Oluşturmak İnteraction:Etkileşim Relatively:Nispeten Associations:Ortaklık Observed:Gözlenen Exploration:Arama Aimless:Amaçsız Referring to: Atıfta Lang-term memory:Uzun Süreli Bellek Estimate:Tahmin İnterrelated:İlişkili Existing:Mevcut Semantic:Anlamsal Wide:Geniş

3. Constructivism is a theory of knowledge that argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas..

4. Cognitivist definition of learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in mental associations as a result of experience.The 10 changes in mental associations are internal and cannot easily be observed.

6. Early educational philosophies did not place much value on what would become constructivist ideas; children's play and exploration was seen as aimless and of little importance. Jean Piaget did not agree with these traditional views, however. He saw play as an important and necessary part of the student's cognitive development and provided scientific evidence for his views.

9. Cognitive psychologists refer to units of knowledge, understanding and skill as schemas, as a way of referring to conceptual knowledge which is stored in long_termmemory.It is estimated that any adult would have hundreds of thousands of schemas in memory, which would be interrelated in an extremely large and complex number of different ways. New schemas are regularly created and existing schemas are constantly updated.This creating and updating takes

10. place every time that we read, listen to, observe, try out or sense in any other way anything new. New schemas are created every time that one fact is linked to another by a logical or semantic connection. Each schema is a sub-schema of another larger and related schema, and each schema has set of sub-schemas of its own. Mayer (1983) gives four elements that describe a schema: General: a schema may be used in a wide variety of situations as a framework for under- standing incoming information. Knowledge: a schema exists in memory as something that a person knows. Structure: a schema is organised around some theme. Comprehension: a schema contains slots which are filled in by specific information.

13. Social constructivism is a sociological theory of knowledge that applies the general philosophical constructivism into the social.

19. OBSERVED EXPLORATİON İNTERRELATED NİSPETEN AMAÇSIZ REFERRİNG TO

20. LONG TERM MEMORY

21. ESTİMATE

22. SEMANTİC

23. WİDE

24. GENERATE