1. CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION: R&D Approaches Dr. Susheela Negi Dr. Susheela Negi Scientist-C, DST Scientist-C, DST susheela.n@nic.in susheela.n@nic.in

2. CO2 conc. in atm: 280 ppm in pre- industrial time to almost 390 ppm at present day which leads to rise in earth average temperature by 0.74°C Climate: sum of the average weather condition over past 30 years CO2 conc. in atm: 280 ppm in pre- industrial time to almost 390 ppm at present day which leads to rise in earth average temperature by 0.74°C

3. - - Regional scale deforestation - - industrial development

4. Dr. Susheela Negi Dr. Susheela Negi Scientist-C, DST Scientist-C, DST susheela.n@nic.in susheela.n@nic.in

5. Carbon Capture & Sequestration The current CO2 emissions ~ 28 Gt Projection by 2050 62 Gt Of this about 20% reduction to be achieved by CCS.

6. Carbon Capture and Sequestration i.Capturing CO2 at large and stationary point sources ii. Transporting the CO2 from source to sink, iii. Injecting the CO2 in suited geological reservoir or sinks

8.  Major Disadvantages: * Risks of leakages and collateral damage to storage media (geological formations, oceans, landfills etc ) * Non-accessibility to technologies on fair and equitable terms * Increment in costs of energy production

9. DST: Four major thrust areas identified: I. CO2 Sequestration through Micro algae Bio- fixation Techniques; II. Carbon Capture Process Development. III. Policy development Studies, (iv) Terrestrial Agro-forestry Sequestration.

10. Achievement of R&D projects A pilot plant for capture of CO2 and converting the same into useful fuels like Methane, Hydrogen and Bio-diesel through Algae route was fabricated and designed. This pilot plant is under test runs at RGVP Bhopal

11. Identified three marine cyanobacterial strains which tolerated 25% of CO2. The strains were grown at different concentration of CO2 and their growth was determined in terms of chlorophyll and phycobiliproteins production. Oscillatoria willei BDU130791, Phormidium valderianum BDU20041 Phormidium valderianum BDU91391. (Bhartidhasan University)

12. CO2 sequestration through Bio-algae route The technical feasibility of bio-fixation using micro algae was studied at NIT Trichy, Shri MCRC Chennai and Delhi University. The capture of carbon dioxide produced by combustion of fossil fuels used in electricity generation can be achieved by bio-fixation method using suitable strains of micro algae.

13. Forest biomass can play an important role in reducing CO2 emission through carbon sequestration in soil, tree vegetation, ground flora and litter. Forest biomass can play an important role in reducing CO2 emission through carbon sequestration in soil, tree vegetation, ground flora and litter.

14. THANKS