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Climate Change
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Climate change: Changes in many climatic factors. Global warming: The rise in global temperatures.
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Energy Balance Energy gain from solar radiation = The energy loss by the Earth’s surface. This energy balance determine the Earth’s average surface temperature. Earth emits energy in the form of Infra red radiation.
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Greenhouse Effect Certain atmospheric gases trap some of the infrared radiation that escapes from the Earth, making the Earth warmer than it would be otherwise. This effect is called “ Greenhouse Effect”. The gases cause this effect are called “Greenhouse Gases”.
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Greenhouse Gas es Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Water vapor
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Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases
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Atmospheric CO 2
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Average Earth Temperature increased by 0.6 o C (1 F) during 20 th Century
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Current temperature: highest in 1000 years.
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CO 2 550 ppm to 1000 ppm in 2100
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CO 2 effects are long-term
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Adaptation and Mitigation
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What are some mitigation steps? Reduce CO 2 emissions by reducing consumption of fossil fuel. Protection of rainforests and other CO 2 sinks. Develop and use Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
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What are some adaptation steps? Protect endangered species with larger refuges. Avoid flooding risks. Protect water supplies. Protect grasslands and agricultural lands against overuse.
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Calculate US Carbon Emissions US / Global = 1.6 BMT / 6.6 BMT = 24 % The US emits 24% of Global CO2.
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