1. World War I

2. 1.) Militarism The glorification of military strength The glorification of military strength European leaders believed disputes would be settled on the battlefield European leaders believed disputes would be settled on the battlefield Arms race in which they tried to develop larger armies and more powerful weapons than their rivals Arms race in which they tried to develop larger armies and more powerful weapons than their rivals M.A.I.N M.A.I.N Causes of World War I

3. 2.) Alliances Each promising to aid the other in case of attack by a third power. Each promising to aid the other in case of attack by a third power. created tension created tension Spark was all that was needed to ignite a world war Spark was all that was needed to ignite a world war

4. 3. Imperialism Empire building Empire building Growing nationalism led nations to compete for overseas colonies. Growing nationalism led nations to compete for overseas colonies.

5. -- Long term cause -- Long term cause -- Loyalty to ones nation -- Loyalty to ones nation 4.) Nationalism

6. Military alliances before the war. Military alliances before the war.

7. The Spark The Spark Sarajevo (Austria- Hungary) Sarajevo (Austria- Hungary) June 1914 Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand June 1914 Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to throne in Austria – Hungary Heir to throne in Austria – Hungary Princip – belonged to a secret nationalist group called the Black Hand Princip – belonged to a secret nationalist group called the Black Hand Why did he kill Ferdinand? Why did he kill Ferdinand? Black Hand wanted Serbs to be ruled by Serbia not Austria – Hungary. Black Hand wanted Serbs to be ruled by Serbia not Austria – Hungary.

8. Soldiers arrest Archduke Ferdinand’s young assassin.

9. Gavrilo Princip – Franz Ferdinand

10. *Response ______________declared war on ______. ______________declared war on ______. Russia mobilized to support Serbia Russia mobilized to support Serbia Germany mobilized to support Austria – Hungary Germany mobilized to support Austria – Hungary France and Great Britain declared war on Germany. France and Great Britain declared war on Germany. Austria-Hungary Serbia

11. Map of the world with the participants in World War I. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange and neutral countries in grey. participants in World War IAlliesCentral Powersparticipants in World War IAlliesCentral Powers Central Allied Central Allied Germany Russia Germany Russia Austria-HungarySerbia Austria-HungarySerbia Ottoman EmpireFrance Ottoman EmpireFrance Bulgaria Great Britain Bulgaria Great Britain United States(1917) United States(1917)

12. Facts Called “The Great War” or “War to End All Wars” Called “The Great War” or “War to End All Wars” Involved 31 countries, 65 million soldiers Involved 31 countries, 65 million soldiers Most fighting took place on western front (Between France and Germany) Most fighting took place on western front (Between France and Germany) First war to use trench warfare heavily. First war to use trench warfare heavily.

13. Wounded Soldiers in France Wounded soldiers are treated in a bombed-out church in France in 1918. During World War I more than 10 million men were killed, and more than 20 million were wounded. Wounded soldiers are treated in a bombed-out church in France in 1918. During World War I more than 10 million men were killed, and more than 20 million were wounded.

14. Why Neutrality? 1.) Concerned for Free Trade 1.) Concerned for Free Trade 2.) American investments abroad 2.) American investments abroad

15. Why War? 1.) German U-boat attacks 1.) German U-boat attacks May 7, 1915 – German U- boat sank the British ship Lusitania May 7, 1915 – German U- boat sank the British ship Lusitania Killed 1,200 (128 Americans) Killed 1,200 (128 Americans) March 1916 – German U- boat sank the Sussex March 1916 – German U- boat sank the Sussex

16. 2.) Zimmerman Note (p85) German Foreign Minister Alfred Zimmerman sent secret telegram to German Ambassador in Mexico. German Foreign Minister Alfred Zimmerman sent secret telegram to German Ambassador in Mexico. Instructed him to draw Mexico into war on side of Germany. Instructed him to draw Mexico into war on side of Germany. In return Germany promised Mexico all land in Southwestern U.S. it lost in 1848. In return Germany promised Mexico all land in Southwestern U.S. it lost in 1848. British intercepted telegram. Sent to Washington British intercepted telegram. Sent to Washington

17. U.S. Enters the War April 1917 April 1917 Main contribution was man power Main contribution was man power

18. Trench Warfare

19. Diagram of French Trench

20. Aerial View of Trenches

21. A machine-gun nest is set up against the Germans in the Battle of the Argonne in France in 1918. The battle helped cause the final collapse of the German forces and brought about the German plea for an armistice, which was signed in 1918. This is considered one of the finest action photographs to come out of World War I (1914-1918).

22. Armistice November 11, 1918 Germany agreed to armistice. November 11, 1918 Germany agreed to armistice. -- 8 million killed -- 8 million killed -- 12 million civilians killed -- 12 million civilians killed -- 20 million soldiers wounded -- 20 million soldiers wounded

23. Making Peace Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points In his speech, Wilson intended to set out a blueprint for lasting peace in Europe after World War I. blueprintEuropeWorld War I blueprintEuropeWorld War I

24. Wilson’s Fourteen Points 1.) National groups in Europe should have right to form own governments 1.) National groups in Europe should have right to form own governments 2.) Reduce weapons 2.) Reduce weapons

25. 3.) World Association to keep peace 3.) World Association to keep peace -- League of Nations -- League of Nations --Countries talk out problems --Countries talk out problems --Weakness that league had no army --Weakness that league had no army

26. Left to Right, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America David Lloyd GeorgeVittorio OrlandoGeorges ClemenceauWoodrow WilsonDavid Lloyd GeorgeVittorio OrlandoGeorges ClemenceauWoodrow Wilson

27. Treaty of Versailles Contained a war-guilt clause forced Germany to take responsibility for WW I. Contained a war-guilt clause forced Germany to take responsibility for WW I. 1.) Est. 9 new nations including Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia 1.) Est. 9 new nations including Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia 2.) Cut Ottoman Empire into 4 parts. 2.) Cut Ottoman Empire into 4 parts. --Gave them to France/Great Britain (temporary colonies until ready for independence) --Gave them to France/Great Britain (temporary colonies until ready for independence) --Included Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine --Included Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine

28. 3.) Demilitarized Germany 3.) Demilitarized Germany --Stripped its air force and most of navy --Stripped its air force and most of navy --Reduce army to 100,000 --Reduce army to 100,000 4.) Pay reparations 4.) Pay reparations --$33 billion --$33 billion

29. Prophetic Predictions Both AEF commander Gen. Pershing and Allied supreme commander Foch of France were unhappy with the nature of the armistice and subsequent Versailles peace treaty. Both AEF commander Gen. Pershing and Allied supreme commander Foch of France were unhappy with the nature of the armistice and subsequent Versailles peace treaty. Pershing believed that it was a grave mistake to let the Germans simply lay down their arms without actually being beaten. (They were defeated, yes, but not beaten.) Pershing believed that it was a grave mistake to let the Germans simply lay down their arms without actually being beaten. (They were defeated, yes, but not beaten.) He correctly predicted that because they did not make the Germans beg for peace on their knees inside a ruined Germany, the Allies would soon be fighting them again. He correctly predicted that because they did not make the Germans beg for peace on their knees inside a ruined Germany, the Allies would soon be fighting them again. Foch was even more prescient. Upon reading the Versailles treaty in 1919, Foch was heard exclaiming, “This isn’t a peace. It’s a cease-fire for 20 years!” Foch was even more prescient. Upon reading the Versailles treaty in 1919, Foch was heard exclaiming, “This isn’t a peace. It’s a cease-fire for 20 years!” Twenty years and two months later, England and France declared war on Germany. Twenty years and two months later, England and France declared war on Germany. World War II newspaper. World War II newspaper.