1. 8 th Grade Chemistry Ms. Mudd

2.  What are some properties of organic compounds?  What are some properties of hydrocarbons?  What kind of structures and bonding do hydrocarbons have?  What are some characteristics of substituted hydrocarbons, esters, and polymers?  Organic compound  Hydrocarbon  Isomer  Unsaturated hydrocarbon  Substituted hydrocarbon  Hydroxyl group  Organic acid  Ester  Monomer  Carboxyl group  Polymer

3.  More than 90% of all known compounds contain carbon.  Carbon compounds are so numerous that they are given a special name.  With some exceptions, compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds.  This term is used because scientists thought that organic compounds could be produced only by living things.  The word organic means “of living things.”  Scientists today know that organic compounds can be found in products made from living things and in materials produced artificially in laboratories and factories.  Organic compounds are part of the solid matter of every organism on Earth.  They are part of products that are made from organisms, such as paper made from wood of trees.  Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions, and other such products also contain carbon compounds.  The raw materials for most manufactured organic compounds come from petroleum, or crude oil.

5.  Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms or melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility.  Many organic compounds and low melting points, and low boiling points.  As a result, they are liquids or gases at room temperature.  Organic liquids generally have a strong odor.  They also do not conduct electricity.  Many organic compounds do not dissolve in water very well.  Example- vegetable oil. Separates in water.

9.  A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen.  Methane-natural gas, propane, and butane in lighters.

10.  Mix poorly with water.  Flammable  The release a great deal of energy when burned  Used for stoves, heaters, cars and etc…

11.  The simplest hydrocarbon is methane  CH 4  Ethane C 2 H 6  Propane C 3 H 8

12.  The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon may be straight, branched, or ringed.  If a hydrocarbon has two or more carbon atoms, the atoms form a single line or straight chain.  If they have four or more carbon atoms, they can have branched arrangements as well as straight.

13.  To show how atoms are arranged in the molecules of a compound.  Structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.  The line represents a bond.  There are never any dangling bonds-both ends of the dash or line are always connected to something.

14.  Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers.  Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties.

15.  In addition to forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond.  Hydrocarbons made up of only single bonds are classified as saturated hydrocarbons.  Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons.