1. History of Chemistry

2. Pre-historic to the Christian Era Known metals were recorded in conjunction with heavenly bodies Democritus proclaims the atom to be the simplest form of matter Aristotle declares that 4 elements compose the universe – earth, wind, fire and water.

3. Democritus Proposed that atom is the simplest unit of matter All matter is made up of atoms

4. Beginning of Christian Era – end of the 17 th century Advent of alchemists – tried to transmute cheap metals into gold through a “Philosopher’s Stone” Elixir of Life – a concoction that is supposed to enable people to live longer and cure all ailments The Skeptical Chemist (by Robert Boyle) – disproved the four-element theory

5. The Skeptical Chemist Disproving the four-element theory, this book has changed the foundations of early chemistry.

6. End of 17 th century – mid-19 th century Phlogiston Theory (Johann Beecher) – a substance is mixed from the air to the flame during combustion Coulomb’s Law – repulsion of like charges, attraction of unlike charges Antoine Lavoisier disproves the Phlogiston Theory

7. Antoine Lavoisier He disproved the Phlogiston Theory and identified oxygen as a gas involved in combustion. Because of his works, he is considered as the Father of Modern Chemistry.

8. John Dalton’s Atomic Theory All matter are composed of atoms, small and indivisible.

9. Mid-19 th century – 20 th century Chemistry Heinrich Geissler – creates the first vacuum tube William Crookes – discovered cathode rays Eugene Goldstein – discovered the positive particle in atom (proton) Wilhelm Roentgen – discovered x-rays

10. J.J. Thomson – described the negative particle of an atom (electron) Marie Curie – discovered radium and polonium Robert Millikan – computed the mass of an electron

11. J.J. ThomsonMarie Curie

12. Ernest Rutherford – identified 3 types of radioactivity – alpha, beta and gamma Henry Moseley – attempts to determine the number of protons in the nucleus James Chadwick – discovers the neutron Enrico Fermi – bomabarded uranium and created nuclear fission

13. The Manhattan Project Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi – developed the first working nuclear fission reactor

14. Bomb dropped on Nagasaki

15. References http://www.columbia.edu/itc/chemistry/che m-c2507/navbar/chemhist.html http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/tim eline/manhattan.html