1. APUSH - Mr. Buttell WBHS Key Concept 3.2 Part II

2. State Constitutions New State Constitutions to achieve republicanismNew State Constitutions to achieve republicanism PA abolished property owning as test of citizenship, all male taxpayers to vote/hold office, unicameral legislature (PA=democracy)PA abolished property owning as test of citizenship, all male taxpayers to vote/hold office, unicameral legislature (PA=democracy) Adams denounced PA. Thoughts on Government,1776,Adams denounced PA. Thoughts on Government,1776, –separate branches; bicameral legislature, upper house property holders, majorities in lower house; elected governor w/veto power; appointed judiciary Patriots endorsed = rep. govt., while restricting popular power (democracy=bad)Patriots endorsed = rep. govt., while restricting popular power (democracy=bad) Adams version becomes dominant in statesAdams version becomes dominant in states Most citizens chose to elect men of “middling”Most citizens chose to elect men of “middling” VT and PA had “radical” Patriots and most democraticVT and PA had “radical” Patriots and most democratic

3. Women Upper-class women like Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren entered into the debateUpper-class women like Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren entered into the debate Most remained 2 nd class citizensMost remained 2 nd class citizens Politicians ignored womenPoliticians ignored women Most men support traditional gender roles = empowers themselvesMost men support traditional gender roles = empowers themselves Republican motherhood provides avenue for most advances for women = Educated CitizenryRepublican motherhood provides avenue for most advances for women = Educated Citizenry

4. Articles of Confederation Passed by Congress in 1777 (during Revolution)Passed by Congress in 1777 (during Revolution) Ratified in 1781Ratified in 1781 “Loose Confederation” = states retain independence“Loose Confederation” = states retain independence Authority to declare war, make treaties, deal with disputes between states, print money, requisition funds from the states (ask permission)Authority to declare war, make treaties, deal with disputes between states, print money, requisition funds from the states (ask permission) Weakness = could not impose taxesWeakness = could not impose taxes Import duties to raise revenues was deniedImport duties to raise revenues was denied Congress asserted control of lands west and sold them to raise revenueCongress asserted control of lands west and sold them to raise revenue Northwest Territory established – 3 ordinancesNorthwest Territory established – 3 ordinances Land north of Ohio River = no slaveryLand north of Ohio River = no slavery

5. Shay’s Rebellion States saddles with large debtsStates saddles with large debts Debtor relief in most states, but not in MADebtor relief in most states, but not in MA Captain Daniel Shays led an armed uprisingCaptain Daniel Shays led an armed uprising MA passed a Riot Act outlawing illegal assembliesMA passed a Riot Act outlawing illegal assemblies Shays’ army took over court houses to prevent farm foreclosuresShays’ army took over court houses to prevent farm foreclosures Gov. Bowdoin’s military force marched to western MA and dispersed the RebellionGov. Bowdoin’s military force marched to western MA and dispersed the Rebellion Outsiders pushing for a stronger govt./military for futureOutsiders pushing for a stronger govt./military for future

6. The Constitution – Part I Money questions dominate without tariff revenueMoney questions dominate without tariff revenue Interest on foreign debt increasingInterest on foreign debt increasing May 1787 delegates meet in Philly privately (R.I. did not attend)May 1787 delegates meet in Philly privately (R.I. did not attend) Madison’s VA Plan passed with a bare majorityMadison’s VA Plan passed with a bare majority –Three-tiered national govt. –People elect only lower house of legislature –Flaws: Govt. vetoing of state laws, less influence for small states Alternative was NJ PlanAlternative was NJ Plan –Power to raise revenue to govt., control commerce –Make binding requisitions on the states (no permission) –Preserved states’ control over their laws –Guaranteed equality in upper-house (Senate)

7. Constitution - Part II Great Compromise acceptedGreat Compromise accepted –Senate = two members from each state –House = appointed based on population Judicial powers in one Supreme CourtJudicial powers in one Supreme Court –National govt. can establish lower courts Electoral College to determine PresidentElectoral College to determine President Congress denied power to regulate slavery for 20 years, and then Trade would endCongress denied power to regulate slavery for 20 years, and then Trade would end –Fugitive clause –Slavery not given recognition in Constitution –3/5 Compromise “Supreme Law of the Land”“Supreme Law of the Land” National govt. power over taxation, military defense, external commerce and making of lawsNational govt. power over taxation, military defense, external commerce and making of laws Signed on September 17, 1787, honor debt of allSigned on September 17, 1787, honor debt of all

8. Ratification 9 of 13 states needed to ratify9 of 13 states needed to ratify Supporters = Federalists, objectors Anti-FederalistsSupporters = Federalists, objectors Anti-Federalists Federalists support through pamphlets and newspaper articlesFederalists support through pamphlets and newspaper articles –J. Jay, A. Hamilton, J. Madison write The Federalist Anti-federalists object to lack of individual rights not in the Constitution, and fear of losing state powerAnti-federalists object to lack of individual rights not in the Constitution, and fear of losing state power Federalist point out each branch is a check and balance on each otherFederalist point out each branch is a check and balance on each other Backcountry farmers tended to be anti-federalist, while eastern seaports populations federalistBackcountry farmers tended to be anti-federalist, while eastern seaports populations federalist DE, NJ, GA, CT and PA quickly ratify; MA tough, but ratifies as well as MD, SC, and NHDE, NJ, GA, CT and PA quickly ratify; MA tough, but ratifies as well as MD, SC, and NH The Federalist finally convinces NY and VA to agreeThe Federalist finally convinces NY and VA to agree