1. 1 Major European Powers in early 19th century

2. Europe Today

4. 1.Once the European political and cultural centre ; its leading position replaced by Germany. 2.always at war with other powers; wanted to ally with other countries 3.Always scrambled for overseas colonies with Great Britain ; became British ally.

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7. 1.Troubled by racial problems within the country. 2.After 1879, expanded into the Balkan Peninsula, making conflicts with Serbia and Russia.

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10. 1.The most democratic government ; with the strongest naval force and the largest colonial empire. 2.The strongest maritime empire ; the wealthiest country 3.Kept away from the European continent; looking for allies

12. 1.The most absolute and backward country 2.An aggressive state, always expanding into the Balkan Peninsula

14. 1.A “Geographical Expression” until 1870. 2.The weakest power

15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwsmzH xMktA 15

16. 1.Unified by Prussia in 1871 2.Isolated France 3.became stronger and wealthier, challenging Britain and provoking disputes with others

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18. 1.Once a strong Muslim state; A “Sick Man of Europe” 2.troubled by Orthodox and Great Powers 3.The Balkan Peninsula became the hot pot

19. Orthodox Roman Catholicis m 1054 Christianity A.D. Catholicism Protestantism 1517 Split of Catholicism

20. The most absolute and backward country, always in poor relationship with others, especially Great Britain The most democratic government ; with the strongest naval force and the largest colonial empire. conservative and economically backward Power Once a strong Muslim state; now a “Sick Man of Europe” Once the European political and cultural centre, always scrambled for overseas colonies A “Geographical Expression” A newly-rise military state

21. By 1870 Italy and Germany were unified. France and Austria were to decline. Russia was busy with reforms. Britain kept a distance from Europe. Germany became the strongest power. Her rise changed the situation in Europe and worsened the relationship among the Powers.

23. Group Work