1. SOCIAL STUDIES iLeap Review

2. Hunters and gatherers wandering/nomadic lifestyles Used animals for food, clothing, and shelter Bones used for tools Hunted animals and gathered plant, berries, for food

3. Domesticate To tame plants and animals for human use

4. Why were plants and animals domesticated? Animals were used to work Plow saved time and labor Plants were raised for food

5. Primary Sources Records and artifacts made by and for the people who lived in that time Artifacts, tools, letters

6. Secondary Sources Records made by people who were not part of an event Internet articles, magazines, replicas, encyclopedia, etc

7. What did the earliest settlers need to live? Water source (river valley) Mild climate for a long growing season Fertile soil for farming

8. How did artifacts from a civilization get to a new place? Trade caused artifacts and ideas to spread to new places

9. Mesopotamia Ziggurats-temples Sumerian city-states Code of Hammurabi “land between two rivers”

10. Egypt Ruled by Pharaohs Used irrigation Papyrus used to write/record Calendar for flooding seasons

11. Indus Valley Known for monsoon winds and rain storms

12. Phoenician Trade Trade with Egypt and Greece across the Mediterranean Sea Phonetic alphabet, indigo dye and cloth, boating and shipbuilding skills

13. Mandate of Heaven Chinese believed that heaven (God) gave their emperors the right to rule

14. Silk Road Trade routes that connect China and Asia to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea

15. Forms of Writing Greek – alphabet Egypt – hieroglyphics Chinese – symbols Sumerian - cuneiform

16. Alexander the Great Expanded the Greek empire through many conquests (into Asia, India, Egypt) @ 330 BC Was made pharaoh of Egypt Hellenistic Period-blending of Greek and Asian cultures

17. Describe a classical civilization Major advancements in science and engineering Elaborate architecture Writing system, language, religious beliefs

18. Vassal In the Middle Ages, a noble who offered protection in return for the use of his land

19. Quran Holy book of Islam

20. Vedas Sacred books of the Hindu

21. Torah Sacred books of the Jewish (Judaism)

22. Hinduism Religion of the India Belief in many gods and reincarnation

23. Judaism Religion of the Jewish people Belief in many gods and reincarnation

24. Christianity Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ Jesus is son of God

25. Buddhism Based on the teachings of Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)

26. Who is Siddhartha Gautama? Son of a wealthy king Saw suffering and wanted to end it Began religion of Buddhism He is called “Enlightened One”

27. Which two religions began in India? Hinduism Buddhism

28. Which three religions began with Abraham? Islam Judaism Christianity (monotheistic, holy city of Jerusalem)

29. Major River Civilizations Mesopotamia-Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (now Iraq) Egypt-Nile River China-Huang He (yellow)River Indus Valley-Indus River

30. Cuneiform Wedge-shaped writing from Mesopotamia

31. Oracle Bones From Ancient China To predict the future For religious and political purposes

32. Which civilization? ZigguratPyramids Egypt Mesopotamia

33. Which civilization? HieroglyphicsSilk Robe Ancient China Egypt

34. Which civilization? Terra Cotta ArmyShaduf Ancient Egypt Ancient China

35. Which civilization? Rugs and textilesGold Burial Mask Ancient Egypt Ancient Persia

36. Which civilization? Parthenon-columnsColiseum-arches Ancient Rome Ancient Greece

37. What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China? Protection from invaders

38. Ancient Greece Polytheistic Democratic form of government Legal trials with jury made of ordinary people

39. Athens Named for the Greek Goddess of Wisdom Lost Peloponnesian War against Sparta

40. Ancient Rome Representative Democratic form of government City of power for the Catholic Church

41. Describe the feudal system In the Middle Ages, this allowed the rulers to control large amounts of land Serfs- (poor) did all the farm labor For power, protection, wealth

42. Disease In 14 th century, Black plague killed thousands Plague spread easily along trade routes Death occurred quickly

43. Charlemagne Fought for Christianity Crowned emperor of Rome by the pope in 800 AD First Roman emperor

44. Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? Established school for navigation Encouraged sea exploration and trade Purpose: to get spices from Persia and China

45. Nautical innovations Shipbuilding Navigation tools astrolabe

46. Nautical innovations Shipbuilding Caravel with Lateen sail for speed

47. Nautical innovations Shipbuilding Galleon Frigate

48. How have humans adapted to their environment? For water: build levees, dams, irrigation systems Trade-establish trade routes Agriculture-use plants, crops native to that area

49. What are Push and Pull Factors? Push-pushes people out of an area –ex. Natural disasters and war Pull-pulls people into an area- ex. City improvements, jobs

50. What physical factors discourage migration? Mountains Deserts Waterfalls, large rivers

51. On a map: River Valley civilizations Mediterranean Sea Alexander the Great lands Silk Road Sea trade Routes