1. PET Writing Part 1 Transformations
complete the 2nd sentence
using 1,2 or 3 words only
Spelling has to be perfect!

2. Strategy
Read the first sentence and think about its meaning.
Read the 2nd sentence, looking at which repeated words from the 1st sentence & which words are different.
Look at the 2nd sentence again and think about which phrases and structures could be used to complete it.
Complete the 2nd sentence using 1, 2 or 3 words. Write them on the answer sheet. Check your spelling.
Read both sentences again, checking their meaning is the same.

5. • 14%: Comparatives, As…..As, The Same As, Prefer
• 11%: Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Never & The 1st Time
• 9%: Passive to Active & Active to Passive
• 9%: Opposites & Synonyms
• 7%: Have / Has: There Is / Are
• 7%: Quantifiers: A Few, Not Many, Most, All etc
• 5%: So Do I / So Does She
• 5%: Close To / Far From / Near
• 5%: Reported Speech to Direct Speech
• 4%: Infinitive of Purpose
• 4%: Indefinite Pronouns : Nothing, Anyone etc
• 4%: Unless
• 4%: Second Conditional
• 4%: What About + ING, Shall We
• 2%: Have v Got
• 2%: During & While
• 2%: Negative Infinitives
• 2%: Other

6. Extra Grammar Explanations
Slides = Conditional Sentences
Slides = Present Perfect
Slides = Past perfect
Slides = Reported & Direct Speech
Slides = Passive & Active

7. Comparatives, As…..As,
The Same As,
Prefer
= 14% of questions

8. Similar To / The Same As 1. My car is very similar to my friend’s car.
2. My jeans are the same as my brother’s jeans.
My jeans……..
3. My cap looks like his cap.
……………the same as…………
4. My haircut looks almost the same as yours
My haircut……..

9. Similar To / The Same As 1. My car is very similar to my friend’s car.
My car is the same as my friend’s car.
2. My cap looks like his cap.
My cap looks the same as his cap.
3. My jeans are the same as my brother’s jeans.
My jeans are very similar to my brother’s jeans.
4. My haircut looks almost the same as yours
My haircut is very similar to yours.

10. Favourite / More Than Any Other
1. McDonalds is my favourite restaurant.
……………more than…………
2. I like cats more than any other animal.
My favourite…………….
3. My favourite team is Inter Milan.
……………more than…………
4. John loves fries more than any other food.
Fries are…………….

11. Favourite / More Than Any Other
1. McDonalds is my favourite restaurant.
I like McDonalds more than any other restaurant.
2. My favourite team is Inter Milan.
I like Inter Milan more than any other team.
3. I like cats more than any other animal.
My favourite animal is a cat.
4. John loves fries more than any other food.
Fries are my favourite food.

12. Better - Worse / Not As….As
1. Messi is better than Ronaldo.
……………not as………..as…………
2. Arsenal are not as good as Barcelona.
Arsenal……..
3. Ford is worse than Chevrolet.
……………not as………..as…………
4. Justin Bieber is not as good as Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson……..

13. Better - Worse / Not As….As
1. Messi is better than Ronaldo.
Ronaldo is not as good as Messi.
2. Ford is worse than Chevrolet.
Chevrolet is not as bad as Ford.
3. Arsenal are not as good as Barcelona.
Arsenal are worse than Barcelona.
4. Justin Bieber is not as good as Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson is better than Michael Jackson.

14. Cheaper - More Expensive / Less - More
1. Al-Baik is cheaper than McDonalds.
……………costs less…………
2. A burger costs more than an ice cream.
An ice cream…………..
A Ferrari is more expensive than a Cressida.
……………costs more…………
4. A flight to Egypt costs less than one to Hawaii
A flight to Hawaii………….

15. Cheaper - More Expensive / Less - More
1. Al-Baik is cheaper than McDonalds.
Al-Baik costs less than McDonalds.
2. A burger costs more than an ice cream.
An ice cream costs less than a burger.
3. A Ferrari is more expensive than a Cressida.
A Ferrari costs more than a Cressida.
4. A flight to Egypt costs less than one to Hawaii
A flight to Hawaii costs more than a flight to Egypt.

16. Comparatives, As…As, The Same As, Prefer

17. Prefer…..To / Like…..More Than
1. I prefer ketchup to spicy sauce.
…………. more than………………….
2. I like action movies more than romantic ones.
I prefer……………
He prefers playing football to tennis.
……………more than…………
4. He likes Christiano Ronaldo more than Lionel Messi
He prefers……………..

18. Prefer…..To / Like…..More Than
1. I prefer ketchup to spicy sauce.
I like ketchup more than spicy sauce.
2. I like action movies more than romantic ones.
I prefer action movies to romantic ones.
He prefers playing football to tennis.
He likes playing football more than tennis.
4. He likes Christiano Ronaldo more than Lionel Messi
He prefers Christiano Ronaldo to Lionel Messi.

19. No Other...As..As / ADJ +er/more…Any Other
1. No other student is as tall as me.
……………taller than…………
2. A Lamborghini is faster than any other car.
No other……..
No other watch is as expensive as a Rolex.
……………more expensive than…………
4. Einstein is more intelligent than other man.
No other……..

20. No Other...As..As / ADJ +er/more…Any Other
1. No other student is as tall as me.
I am taller than any other student.
2. A Lamborghini is faster than any other car.
No other car is as fast as a Lamborghini.
No other watch is as expensive as a Rolex.
A Rolex is more expensive than any other watch.
4. Einstein is more intelligent than other man.
No other man is as intelligent as Einstein.

21. ADJ + (er/more) than / (NEG)+ As..(+ADJ)..As
The match was more interesting than I expected.
……………as boring as…………
2. The flight wasn’t as long as I thought it would be.
The flight……..
3. Ice-Skating was easier than I thought it would be.
…………… as difficult as…………
4. The lesson wasn’t as boring as I expected.
The lesson……..

22. ADJ + (er/more) than / (NEG)+ As..(+ADJ)..As
The match was more interesting than I expected.
The match wasn’t as boring as I expected.
2. The flight wasn’t as long as I thought it would be.
The flight was shorter than I thought it would be.
3. Ice-Skating was easier than I thought it would be.
Ice-Skating wasn’t as difficult as I thought it would be.
4. The lesson wasn’t as boring as I expected.
The lesson was more interesting than I expected.

23. Not As..(+ADJ)..As / Less(+ADJ)Than - ADJ+er
1. Jeddah is not as expensive as Dubai.
……………less expensive than…………
2. Shakira is nicer than Britney Spears.
Britney Spears is……..
3. English is not as difficult as Maths.
……………less difficult than…………
4. Vegetables are healthier than meat.
Meat is……..

24. Not As..(+ADJ)..As / Less(+ADJ)Than - ADJ+er
1. Jeddah is not as expensive as Dubai.
Jeddah is less expensive than Dubai.
2. Shakira is nicer than Britney Spears.
Britney Spears is not as nice as Shakira.
3. English is not as difficult as Maths.
English is less difficult than Maths.
4. Vegetables are healthier than meat.
Meat is not as healthy as vegetables.

25. Comparatives, As…As, The Same As, Prefer

26. 14%

27. Past Simple
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Never
The First Time
= 11% of questions

28. Present Perfect + Never / The First Time
1. Salman has never ridden a bicycle before.
……………the first time…………
2. This is the first time I have written a correct sentence.
I have never……..
3. My wife has never driven a car before.
……………the first time…………
4. This is the first time you have been polite to me.
You have never……..

29. Present Perfect + Never / The First Time
1. Salman has never ridden a bicycle before.
It was the first time Salman had ridden a bicycle.
2. This is the first time I have written a correct sentence.
I have never written a correct sentence before.
3. My wife has never driven a car before.
It was the first time my wife had driven a car.
4. This is the first time you have been polite to me.
You have never been polite to me before.

30. Present Perfect (NEG) + For / Since + Past Simple
1. I haven’t eaten eggs for ages.
……………been ages since…………
2. It’s years since I rode a camel.
I haven’t……..
3. My brother hasn’t played golf for weeks.
……………been weeks since…………
4. It’s a long time since we listened to music.
We haven’t……..

31. Present Perfect (NEG) + For / Since + Past Simple
1. I haven’t eaten eggs for ages.
It’s been ages since I ate eggs.
2. It’s years since I rode a camel.
I haven’t ridden a camel for years.
3. My brother hasn’t played golf for weeks.
It’s been weeks since my brother played gold.
4. It’s a long time since we listened to music.
We haven’t listened to music for a long time.

32. Past Simple + Ago / Present Perfect + For
Faisal passed his driving test 2 years ago.
……………driven for…………
2. My friend has been a Muslim for 10 years.
My friend became……..
3. I got married 6 months ago.
……………married for…………
4. I broke my leg 2 weeks ago.
My leg has……..

33. Past Simple + Ago / Present Perfect + For
Faisal passed his driving test 2 years ago.
Faisal has driven for 2 years.
2. My friend has been a Muslim for 10 years.
My friend became a Muslim 10 years ago.
3. I got married 6 months ago.
I have been married for 6 months.
4. I broke my leg 2 weeks ago.
My leg has been broken for 2 weeks.

34. Past Perfect +(Not / Never) +Before / Was + 1st Time
I had not ridden a motorbike before.
……………the first time…………
2. It was the first time they had been poor.
They had never……..
3. We had never spoken to each other before.
……………the first time…………
4. It was the first time I had driven a Ferrari.
I had never……..

35. Past Perfect +(Not / Never) +Before / Was + 1st Time
I had not ridden a motorbike before.
It was the first time I had ridden a bicycle.
2. It was the first time they had been poor.
They had never been poor before.
3. We had never spoken to each other before.
It was the first time they had spoken to each other.
4. It was the first time I had driven a Ferrari.
I had never driven a Ferrari before.

36. Will Be + First / Present Perfect / + Never + Before
This will be the first time I’ve played cricket.
……………never played…………
2. I have never been to Hawaii before..
This will be…………
3. This will be the first time I’ve used a Mac.
……………never used…………….
4. I have never won a competition..
This will be……..

37. Will Be + First / Present Perfect / + Never + Before
This will be the first time I’ve played cricket.
I have never played cricket before.
2. I have never been to Hawaii before.
This will be the first time I have been to Hawaii.
3. This will be the first time I’ve used a Mac.
I have never used a Mac before.
4. I have never won a competition..
This will be the first time I have won a competition.

38. Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Never, The 1st Time

39. 25%

40. Reported to Direct Speech
= 5% of questions

41. Wanted (+OBJ) To / Why Don’t You
The teacher wanted me to do my homework
……………said, “why don’t you…………
2. My friend said, “Why don’t you come tomorrow?”
My friend wanted……..
3. I wanted my friend to give me a lift.
……………said, “why don’t you…………
4. My Mum said, “Why don’t you join Niagara College?”
My Mum wanted……..

42. Wanted (+OBJ) To / Why Don’t You
The teacher wanted me to do my homework
The teacher said, “Why don’t you do your homework?”
2. My friend said, “Why don’t you come tomorrow?”
My friend wanted me to come tomorrow.
3. I wanted my friend to give me a lift.
My friend said, “Why don’t you give me a lift?”
4. My Mum said, “Why don’t you join Niagara College?”
My Mum wanted me to join Niagara College.

43. I Asked (+OBJ) If / Do You
I asked John if he wanted to go to Jeddah
……………you want to…………
2. I asked Jody, “Do you need a pen?”
I asked Jody……..
3. I asked Salem if he wanted to eat pizza.
……………you want to…………
4. I asked Anwar, “Do you like Hilal?”
I asked Anwar……..

44. I Asked (+OBJ) If / Do You
I asked John if he wanted to go to Jeddah
I asked John, “Do you want to go to Jeddah?”
2. I asked Jody, “Do you need a pen?”
I asked Jody if he needed a pen.
3. I asked Salem if he wanted to eat pizza.
I asked Salem, “Do you want to eat pizza?”
4. I asked Anwar, “Do you like Hilal?”
I asked Anwar if he liked Hilal.

45. Past Perfect / Present Perfect
Omar said he had never tried octopus.
……………I have never…………
2. My father told me, “I have been to Yemen once.”
My father told……..
3. Marwan said he had never done any homework.
……………I have never…………
4. My uncle said, “I have never seen this show before.”
My uncle said……..

46. Past Perfect / Present Perfect
Omar said he had never tried octopus.
Omar said, “I have never tried octopus.”
2. My father told me, “I have been to Yemen once.”
My father told me had been to Yemen once.
3. Marwan said he had never done any homework.
Marwan said, “I have never done any homework.”
4. My uncle said, “I have seen this show before.”
My uncle said he had seen this show before.

47. Reported to Direct Speech

48. 30%

49. 2nd Conditional
= 4% of questions

50. Why Don’t You + Verb / If I Were You + Would + Verb
Why don’t you go to Jeddah for the weekend?
……………would go to Jeddah…………
2. If I were you I would lose some weight.
Why don’t you……..
3. Why don’t you try getting a job?
……………would try getting…………
4. If I were you I would wait a while.
Why don’t you……..

51. Why Don’t You + Verb / If I Were You + Would + Verb
Why don’t you go to Jeddah for the weekend?
If I were you I would go to Jeddah for the weekend.
2. If I were you I would lose some weight.
Why don’t you lose some weight?
3. Why don’t you try getting a job?
If I were you I would try getting a job.
4. If I were you I would wait a while.
Why don’t you wait a while?

52. 2nd Conditional

53. 34%

54. Pasive – Active & Active - Passive
= 9% of questions

55. Past Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple
My bag was stolen by the thief.
……………stole my…………
2. I was told to come here at 3pm.
My teacher told…………………..
3. They gave us 1000 riyals each.
……………given 1000 riyals…………
4. My brother’s company sent him to Riyadh.
My brother…………………

56. Past Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple
My bag was stolen by the thief.
The thief stole my bag.
2. I was told to come here at 3pm.
My teacher told me to come here at 3pm.
3. They gave us 1000 riyals each.
We were given 1000 riyals each.
4. My brother’s company sent him to Riyadh.
My brother was sent to Riyadh.

57. Present Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple
The students are given homework every week.
……………teacher gives…………
2. My mother is driven to the supermarket.
Our driver…………………..
3. I send money to my wife once a month.
……………sent money…………
4. I buy milk every other day.
Milk………………………

58. Present Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple
The students are given homework every week.
The teacher gives us homework every week.
2. My mother is driven to the supermarket.
Our driver drives our mother to the supermarket.
3. I send money to my wife once a month.
My wife is sent money once a week.
4. I buy milk every other day.
Milk is bought every other day.

59. Must in Passive + V3 / Must + Verb
Trash must be put in the bin.
……………must put…………
2. Muslims must not drink alcohol.
Alcohol must…………………..
3. Students must not eat food in the classroom.
……………must not be…………
4. Husbands must gives their wives money.
Wives must………………………

60. Must in Passive + V3 / Must + Verb
Trash must be put in the bin.
Students must put trash in the bin.
2. Muslims must not drink alcohol.
Alcohol must not be drunk by Muslims.
3. Students must not eat food in the classroom.
Food must not be eaten in the classroom
4. Husbands must give their wives money.
Wives must be given money.

61. Passive - Active & Active - Passive

62. 43%

63. Opposites & Synonyms
= 9% of questions

64. Very + Easy / Not Very + Difficult
Driving a car is very easy.
……………is not very…………
2. It’s not very difficult to score goals.
Scoring goals……..
3. It’s very easy to cook eggs.
……………is not very…………
4. The PET test is not very difficult.
The PET test……..

65. Very + Easy / Not Very + Difficult
Driving a car is very easy.
It is not very hard to drive a car.
2. It’s not very difficult to score goals.
Scoring goals is not very difficult.
3. It’s very easy to cook eggs.
Cooking eggs is not very hard.
4. The PET test is not very difficult.
The PET test is very easy.

66. Can + Teach / Can + Learn My father can teach me how to fish.
……………learn how to…………
2. I can learn English from my teacher.
My teacher……………….
3. Documentaries can teach you about History.
……………learn about…………
4. You can learn about life from your father.
Your father……………………..

67. Can + Teach / Can + Learn My father can teach me how to fish.
I can learn how to fish from my father.
2. I can learn English from my teacher.
My teacher can teach me English.
3. Documentaries can teach you about History.
I can learn about history from documentaries.
4. You can learn about life from your father.
Your father can teach you about life.

68. It Costs / Have to Spend It costs 6 riyals to buy a burger.
……………spend 6 riyals…………
2. I have to spend 3 riyals to get some milk.
It costs……..
3. It costs $10,000 to buy a new car.
……………spend $10,000…………
4. I have to spend 100,000 riyals to get married.
It costs……..

69. It Costs / Have to Spend It costs 6 riyals to buy a burger.
I have to spend 6 riyals to buy a burger.
2. I have to spend 3 riyals to get some milk.
It costs 3 riyals to get some milk.
3. It costs $10,000 to buy a new car.
I have to spend $10,000 to buy a new car.
4. I have to spend 100,000 riyals to get married.
It costs 100,000 riyals to get married.

70. Has lent / Have borrowed
My friend has lent me $100.
……………borrowed $100…………
2. I have borrowed a bike from Ahmed.
Ahmed has……..
3. Somebody has lent me 100 riyals.
……………borrowed 100 riyals…………
4. I have borrowed a pen from the teacher.
The teacher has……..

71. Has lent / Have borrowed
My friend has lent me $100.
I have borrowed $100 from my friend.
2. I have borrowed a bike from Ahmed.
Ahmed has lent me a bike.
3. Somebody has lent me 100 riyals.
I have borrowed 100 riyals from somebody.
4. I have borrowed a pen from the teacher.
The teacher has lent me a pen.

72. By yourself/myself / On your/my own
You like to study by yourself.
……………on your own.
2. I always sleep on my own.
I always……..
3. I prefer to eat by myself.
……………on my own.
4. You never go on your own.
You never……..

73. By yourself / On your own
You like to study by yourself.
You like to study on your own.
2. I always sleep on your own.
I always sleep by myself.
3. I prefer to eat by myself.
I prefer to eat on my own.
4. You never go on your own.
You never go by yourself.

74. Very (+NEG) / Too (+NEG)
The students in this class are very noisy.
……………class are too…………
2. It’s very hot in here today.
It’s……..
3. It’s very crowded in Taif.
……………is too…………
4. Russia is very cold.
Russia……..

75. Very (+NEG) / Too (+NEG)
The students in this class are very noisy.
The students in this class are too noisy.
2. It’s very hot in here today.
It’s too cold in here today.
3. It’s very crowded in Taif.
It’s too crowded in Taif.
4. Russia is very cold.
Russia is too cold.

76. Opposites & Synonyms

77. 52%

78. Quantifiers: A Few, Not Many, Most, All etc
= 7% of questions

79. Most / Nearly All Most Saudis like Kabsa. Nearly all…………
2. Nearly all women like shopping.
Most……..
3. Most men like to drive cars.
Nearly all men…………
4. Nearly all the students do their homework.
Most……..

80. Most / Nearly All Most Saudis like Kabsa.
Nearly all Saudis like Kabsa.
2. Nearly all women like shopping.
Most women like shopping.
3. Most men like to drive cars.
Nearly all men like to drive cars.
4. Nearly all the students do their homework.
Most students do their homework.

81. Only a Few / Not Very Many
Only a few of the students like Hilal.
……………not very many students…………
2. There aren’t very many motorbikes in Taif.
There are only……..
3. There are only a few malls in Taif.
……………not very many malls…………
4. Not very many students do exercise.
There are only……..

82. Only a Few / Not Very Many
Only a few of the students like Hilal.
There are not very many students who like Hilal.
2. There aren’t very many motorbikes in Taif.
There are only a few motorbikes in Taif.
3. There are only a few malls in Taif.
There are not very many malls in Taif.
4. Not very many students do exercise.
There are only a few students who do exercise.

83. Too (+ADJ) / Not (+ADJ) Enough
It’s too cold to go swimming
……………enough to go…………
2. This lesson is too boring.
This lesson is……..
3. I think I am too young to get a job.
……………enough to get…………
4. My friend said my car is too slow.
My friend said……..

84. Too (+ADJ) / Not (+ADJ) Enough
It’s too cold to go swimming
It’s not warm enough to go swimming.
2. This lesson is too boring.
This lesson is not interesting enough.
3. I think I am too young to get a job.
I think I am not old enough to get a job.
4. My friend said my car is too slow.
My friend said my car is not fast enough.

85. Quantifiers: A Few, Not Many, Most, All etc

86. 59%

87. & There Is / Are / Was / Were
Have / Has / Had
& There Is / Are / Was / Were
= 7% of questions

88. Has / Have / There are Every car has four wheels. ……………are four…………
2. There are 20 students in this class.
This class……..
3. My house has five rooms.
……………are five…………
4. All spiders have 6 legs.
There are 6……..

89. Has / Have / There are Every car has four wheels.
There are four wheels on every car.
2. There are 20 students in this class.
This class has 20 students.
3. My house has five rooms.
There are five rooms in my house.
4. All spiders have 6 legs.
There are 6 legs on every spider.

90. Has / Have / There is My car has a loud horn. ……………is a loud…………
2. There is a tall tower in Taif.
Taif ……..
3. I have a big car in my garage.
……………is a big…………
4. There are 20 rooms in the college.
The college……..

91. Has / Have / There is My car has a loud horn.
There is a loud horn in my car.
2. There is a tall tower in Taif.
Taif has a tall tower.
3. I have a big car in my garage.
There is a big car in my garage.
4. There are 20 rooms in the college.
The college has 20 rooms.

92. Had / There Was / Were My car had a loud horn. ……………was a loud…………
2. There was a tall tower in Taif.
Taif ……..
3. I had a big car in my garage.
……………was a big…………
4. There were 20 rooms in the college.
The college……..

93. Had / There Was / Were My car had a loud horn.
There was a loud horn in my car.
2. There was a tall tower in Taif.
Taif had a tall tower.
3. I had a big car in my garage.
There was a big car in my garage.
4. There were 20 rooms in the college.
The college had 20 rooms.

94. Have / Has / Had & There Is / Are / Was / Were

95. 66%

96. So do I, You, We, They
So does He / She
= 5% of questions

97. Verb + Do Too / So Do / Does
I like football and all my friends do too.
……………football and so…………
2. My brother enjoys studying and so do I.
I enjoy studying……..
3. I hate getting up early and my wife does too.
……………early and so…………
4. I like going to McDonalds and so do my friends.
My friends like going……..

98. Verb + Do Too / So Do / Does
I like football and all my friends do too.
All my friends like football and so do I.
2. My brother enjoys studying and so do I.
I enjoy studying and my brother does too.
3. I hate getting up early and my wife does too.
My wife hates getting up early and so do I.
4. I like going to McDonalds and so do my friends.
My friends like going to McDonalds and so do I.

99. Both + And I / So Do / Does Both my wife and I enjoy going to the gym.
……………the gym and so…………
2. My friend likes going to the beach and so do I.
Both my friend and……..
3. Both my brother and I like driving fast.
……………driving fast and so…………
4. I love climbing mountains and so does my father.
Both my father and……..

100. Both + And I / So Do / Does Both my wife and I enjoy going to the gym.
My wife enjoys going to the gym and so do I.
2. My friend likes going to the beach and so do I.
Both my friend and I enjoy going to the beach.
3. Both my brother and I like driving fast.
My brother enjoys driving fast and so do I.
4. I love climbing mountains and so does my father.
Both my father and I love climbing mountains.

101. Verb + It Too / So Do / Does
I love going to the gym and my brother loves it too.
……………so…………
2. My friend likes going to the beach and so do I.
My friend……..
3. I enjoy going to college and my friends love it too.
……………so…………
4. I love climbing mountains and so does my father.
My father……..

102. Verb + It Too / So Do / Does
I love going to the gym and my brother loves it too.
My brother loves going to the gym and so do I.
2. My friend likes going to the beach and so do I.
My friend likes going to the beach and I do too.
3. I enjoy going to college and my friends love it too.
My friends enjoy college and so do I.
4. I love climbing mountains and so does my father.
My father loves climbing mountains and so do I.

103. So Do I, You, We, They + So Does He, She

104. 71%

105. Close To / Far From / Near
= 5% of questions

106. Close To / Not Far From Taif is close to Mecca. ……………far from…………
2. Jeddah is not far from Mecca..
Mecca is……..
3. Abdullah’s house is close to Omar’s.
……………far from…………
4. McDonalds is not far from Saudi Post.
Saudi Post is……..

107. Close To / Not Far From Taif is close to Mecca.
Mecca is not far from Taif.
2. Jeddah is not far from Mecca..
Mecca is close to Jeddah.
3. Abdullah’s house is close to Omar’s.
Omar’s house is not far from Abdullah’s.
4. McDonalds is not far from Saudi Post.
Saudi Post is close to McDonalds.

108. Not Very / Too + Far From / Quite Near
Jizan is quite near to Yemen.
……………far from…………
2. Great Britain isn’t far from France.
Great Britain is……..
3. The college is quite near to the city centre.
……………far from…………
4. London isn’t far from Cambridge.
Cambridge is……..

109. Not Very / Too + Far From / Quite Near
Jizan is quite near to Yemen.
Jizan is not far from Yemen.
2. Great Britain isn’t far from France.
Great Britain is quite near to France.
3. The college is quite near to the city centre.
The college is not far from the city centre.
4. London isn’t far from Cambridge.
Cambridge is quite near to London.

110. Close To / Far / From / Near

111. 76%

112. Infinitive of Purpose
= 4% of questions

113. For + Verb + ING / To + Verb
I need the eraser for cleaning the board.
……………the eraser to…………
2. I need my computer to check my s.
I need my………..
3. King Salman uses his plane for flying abroad.
……………his plane to…………
4. My friend uses his car for drifting.
My friend uses………..

114. For + Verb + ING / To + Verb
I need the eraser for cleaning the board.
I need the eraser to the board.
2. I need my computer to check my s.
I need my computer for checking s.
3. King Salman uses his plane for flying abroad.
King Salman uses his plane to fly abroad.
4. My friend uses his car for to drift.
My friend uses his car for drifting.

115. Verb + ING / It + To + Verb Praying is important if you are religious.
……………important to…………
2. It’s dangerous to drive too fast.
Driving too……..
3. Passing the PET is necessary to start the diploma.
……………necessary to…………
4. It’s stupid to not do your homework.
Not doing……..

116. Verb + ING / It + To + Verb Praying is important if you are religious.
It’s important to pray if you are religious.
2. It’s dangerous to drive too fast.
Driving too fast is dangerous.
3. Passing the PET is necessary to start the diploma.
It’s necessary to pass the PET to start the diploma.
4. It’s stupid to not do your homework.
Not doing your homework is stupid.

117. Infinitive of Purpose

118. 80%

119. Indefinite Pronouns: Nothing, Anyone etc
= 4% of questions

120. Present Simple + Nothing / Don’t / Doesn’t + Anything
I spend nothing on Entertainment.
……………spend anything…………
2. I don’t do anything at the weekend.
I do……..
3. It costs nothing to be nice.
……………anything to be…………
4. Getting a plastic bag costs nothing.
It doesn’t……..

121. Present Simple + Nothing / Don’t / Doesn’t + Anything
I spend nothing on entertainment.
I don’t spend anything on entertainment.
2. I don’t do anything at the weekend.
I do nothing at the weekend.
3. It costs nothing to be nice.
It doesn’t cost anything to be nice.
4. Getting a plastic bag costs nothing.
It doesn’t cost anything to get a plastic bag.

122. Everyone + Verb / All of Us + Verb + S
Everyone in the class likes Al-Baik
……………all of us…………
2. In Taif, all of us like driving.
Everyone in……..
3. Everyone in my family likes watching TV.
……………all of us…………
4. At my fitness club, all of us want to lift weights.
Everyone at my……..

123. Everyone + Verb / All of Us + Verb + S
Everyone in the class likes Al-Baik
In our class, all of us like Al-Baik.
2. In Taif, all of us like driving.
Everyone in Taif likes driving.
3. Everyone in my family likes watching TV.
In my family, all of us like watching TV.
4. At my fitness club, all of us want to lift weights.
Everyone at my fitness club wants to lift weights.

124. Indefinite Pronouns, Nothing, Anyone etc

125. 84%

126. Unless
= 4% of questions

127. If + Don’t / Doesn’t + Won’t / Won’t + Unless
If you don’t try harder, you won’t pass the exam.
……………the exam unless…………
2. He won’t hit us, unless we say something.
If we……..
3. If he doesn’t get up early, he won’t be on time.
……………on time unless…………
4. I won’t help her, unless she asks.
If she……..

128. If + Don’t / Doesn’t + Won’t / Won’t + Unless
If you don’t try harder, you won’t pass the exam.
You won’t pass the exam unless you try harder.
2. He won’t hit us, unless we say something.
If we don’t say anything he won’t hit us.
3. If he doesn’t get up early, he won’t be on time.
He won’t be on time unless he gets up early.
4. I won’t help her, unless she asks.
If she doesn’t ask, I won’t help her.

129. Can’t + Unless / Can + If
You can’t borrow my pen unless you say please.
If you don’t…………
2. I can get a job if I apply.
If I don’t………..
3. He can’t go out unless he washes the dishes.
If he doesn’t…………
4. We can go to Malaysia if we work hard enough.
If we don’t………..

130. Can’t + Unless / Can + If
You can’t borrow my pen unless you say please.
If you don’t say please, you can’t borrow my pen.
2. I can get a job if I apply.
If I don’t apply, I can’t get a job.
3. He can’t go out unless he washes the dishes.
If he doesn’t wash the dished, he can’t go out.
4. We can go to Malaysia if we work hard enough.
If we don’t work hard enough, we can’t go to Malaysia.

131. Unless

132. 88%

133. What About + ING, Shall We
= 4% of questions

134. What About + V + ING / Shall We + Infinitive
What about having lunch now.
……………have lunch…………
2. Shall we go to your house?.
What about……..
3. What about going for a drive.
……………go for…………
4. Shall we listen to some music?
What about……..

135. What About + V + ING / Shall We + Infinitive
What about having lunch now?
Shall we have lunch now?
2. Shall we go to your house?
What about going to our house?
3. What about going for a drive.
Shall we go for a drive?
4. Shall we listen to some music?
What about listening to some music?

136. 92%

137. Have v Got
= 2% of questions

138. Doesn’t / Don’t Have / Hasn’t / Haven’t Got
He doesn’t have any idea.
……………got any…………
2. I haven’t got a blue car.
I don’t……..
3. I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
……………got any…………
4. She hasn’t got a wedding ring on her finger.
She doesn’t……..

139. Doesn’t / Don’t Have / Hasn’t / Haven’t Got
He doesn’t have any idea.
He hasn’t got any idea.
2. I haven’t got a blue car.
I don’t have a blue car.
3. I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
I haven’t got any brothers or sisters.
4. She hasn’t got a wedding ring on her finger.
She doesn’t have a wedding ring on her finger.

140. Have v Got

141. 94%

142. During v While
= 2% of questions

143. While + In / Here / During + Stay
I will go to the beach while I’m in Jeddah.
During my stay…………
2. During my stay in Riyadh, I will go to the desert.
I will go to……..
3. While my brother’s here, he will go to the museum.
………….to the museum during…………
4. I will go ice-skating during my stay in Taif.
During my stay……..

144. While + In / Here / During + Stay
I will go to the beach while I’m in Jeddah.
During my stay in Jeddah, I’ll go to the beach.
2. During my stay in Riyadh, I will go to the desert.
I will go to the desert while I’m in Riyadh.
3. While my brother’s here, he will go to the museum.
My brother will go to the museum during his stay here.
4. I will go ice-skating during my stay in Taif.
During my stay in Taif, I’ll go ice-skating.

145. During v While

146. 96%

147. Negative Infinitives
= 2% of questions

148. To + Infinitive / Not To + infinitive
It’s important to study hard.
……………important not…………
2. It’s nice to not be sad.
It’s nice……..
3. It’s a good idea to remember to go to the dentist.
……………a good idea not…………
4. It’s boring to stay in?
It’s not……..

149. To + Infinitive / Not To + infinitive
It’s important to study hard.
It’s important not to be lazy.
2. It’s nice to not be sad.
It’s nice to be happy.
3. It’s a good idea to remember to go to the dentist.
It’s a good idea not to forget to go to the dentist.
4. It’s boring to stay in.
It’s not interesting to stay in.

150. Negative Infinitives

151. 98%

152. Other
= 2% of questions

153. One of My / Our Friends / A Friend of Mine / Ours
I asked one of my friends to help me fix my car.
……………a friend of mine…………
2. A friend of mine broke his leg yesterday.
One of……..
3. I heard one of our friends was arrested by the police.
……………a friend of ours…………
4. A friend of ours crashed his car into that tree.
One of……..

154. One of My / Our Friends / A Friend of Mine / Ours
I asked one of my friends to help me fix my car.
I asked a friend of mine to help me fix my car.
2. A friend of mine broke his leg yesterday.
One of my friends broke his leg yesterday.
3. I heard one of our friends was arrested by the police.
I heard a friend of ours was arrested by the police.
4. A friend of ours crashed his car into that tree.
One of our friends crashed his car into that tree.

155. Love / Like / Enjoy / Keen on
I love cycling in the mountains.
……………keen on cycling…………
2. I am keen on collecting stamps.
I……..
3. My brother likes being by himself.
……………keen on being…………
4. My wife is keen on making her own clothes.
My wife……..

156. Love / Like / Enjoy / Keen on
I love cycling in the mountains.
I am keen on cycling in the mountains.
2. I am keen on collecting stamps.
I enjoy collecting stamps.
3. My brother likes being by himself.
My brother is keen on being by himself.
4. My wife is keen on making her own clothes.
My wife loves making her own clothes.

157. # Minutes / Hours / Days etc / Take
I spend 10 minutes walking to work.
……….…….takes me 10 minutes……………..
2. I will finish my project after another 5 days.
It will …………………
3. I can run around the college in 5 minutes.
takes me 5 minutes………………
4. I am going to drive to Riyadh in about 10 hours.
It is going to……………….

158. # Minutes / Hours / Days etc / Take
I spend 10 minutes walking to work.
It takes me 10 minutes to walk to work.
2. I will finish my project after another 5 days.
It will take me another 5 days to finish my project.
3. I can run around the college in 5 minutes.
It takes me 5 minutes to run around the college.
4. I am going to drive to Riyadh in about 10 hours.
It is going to take about 10 hours to drive to Riyadh.

159. Can / Can’t / It Is (not) Possible
The students can drink water in the class.
……………possible for the students…………
2. It’s possible to finish 5 minutes early today.
We can……..
3. I can’t drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia.
……………not possible for me…………
4. It’s not possible to finish 5 minutes early today. Sorry!
We can’t……..

160. Can / Can’t / It Is (not) Possible
The students can drink water in the class.
It is possible for the students to drink water in the class.
2. It’s possible to finish 5 minutes early today.
We can finish 5 minutes early today.
3. I can’t drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia.
It is not possible for me to drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia.
4. It’s not possible to finish 5 minutes early today. Sorry!
We can’t finish 5 minutes early today. Sorry!

161. Other

162. 100% (not really)

163. Grammar Explanations

164. Zero Conditional If + present simple, .... present simple.
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs
If + present simple, .... present simple.
It will always happen (not one particular situation).
The 'if' can usually be replaced by 'when'
If people eat too much
they get fat.
People die if
they don't eat.
You get water if
you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
If you touch a fire
you get burned.
Snakes bite if
they are scared
they cry
If babies are hungry

165. Zero Conditional If people don’t eat enough… People die if…
You get money if…
If you touch an angry dog…
People smile if…
If you are thirsty…

166. if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
1st Conditional
present simple after 'if', then the future simple:
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
something which might happen in the future
If it rains, I won't
go to the park.
If I feel OK, I'll
go to the party tonight.
If I have enough money, I'll
buy some new shoes.
She'll miss the bus if
the train is delayed.
I'll be late if
I don't leave soon.
If I see Ibrahim, I'll
tell him.
First vs. Zero Conditional:The first conditional describes a real situation, whereas the zero conditional describes what happens in general.

167. 1st Conditional If it rains, I won't If I feel OK, I'll
If I have enough money, I'll
She'll miss the bus if
I'll be late if
If I see Ibrahim, I'll

168. if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
2nd Conditional
uses past simple after if, then 'would' & the infinitive:
if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
It has two uses:
1. In the future - probably won’t happen. Using imagination.
If I won 1 million dollars, I would
buy a big house.
If I met King Salman, I would
say hello.
My brother would
travel all over the world
if he were rich.

169. if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
2nd Conditional
uses past simple after if, then 'would' & the infinitive:
if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
It has two uses:
2. something in the present which is impossible (not true)
If I had an internet connection, I would
check my .
If I were you, I would
drive more slowly.

170. If I had… internet connection, I would
If I were you, I would…
If I lost my phone I would…
If I found… , I would
My brother would….
if he wasn’t busy.

171. if + past perfect, ...would + have + V3
3rd Conditional
Had + V3
past perfect after 'if' & 'would have' & V3 in the 2nd part of the sentence:
if + past perfect, ...would + have + V3
It describes a situation that didn't happen (past)
- imagining what might have happened
If he had studied, he would have
passed the exam
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have
felt sick.
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have
missed the plane
She wouldn't have been tired if she had
gone to bed earlier
She would have become a teacher if she had
gone to university
He would have been on time for the interview if he had
left the house at nine

172. 3rd Conditional If he had been careful, he wouldn’t have…
If I hadn't been so tired, I would have…
If we had flown a taxi, we would have…
She wouldn't have been angry if I had…
He would have become a policeman if he had…
He wouldn’t have been late if he had…

173. Conditionals Review If + present simple, .... present simple.
if + past perfect, ...would + have + V3
if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

174. In the future - probably won’t happen. Using imagination.
Something which might happen in the future
It describes a situation that didn't happen (past)
- imagining what might have happened
It will always happen (not one particular situation).
Something in the present which is impossible (not true)

175. Present Perfect (form)
Have + V3 (regular verb = +ed)
I’ve opened the door.
I haven’t opened the door.
Have you opened the door?
I’ve seen ‘Titanic’.
I haven’t seen ‘Titanic’.
Have you seen ‘Titanic’?
He / She / It
Has
He’s
She’s
It’s

176. Present Perfect (use) Recent Past (happened not long ago)
Past Experience (did you try this / go there / do that etc. in your life?)
Started in the past, not finished
Happened in the past, important now

177. I’ve broken my leg. (I can’t walk)
She’s been to Jamaica.
He’s already had his lunch.
I’ve spoken to my mother. (she’s angry)
I’ve just finished my homework.
She’s eaten octopus.
He’s waited there since 2pm.
I’ve studied English for 7 years.

178. Present Perfect (used with)
Yet
Already
Never
Just
Before
Since
For
The first time

179. Past Perfect (form) Had + V3 (regular verb = +ed)
When I arrived, the lesson had started.
When I arrived, the lesson hadn’t started.
Had the lesson started when you arrived?
I’d eaten my lunch, so I wasn’t hungry.
I hadn’t eaten my lunch, so I was hungry.
Had you eaten your lunch?

180. Past Perfect (use) Completed action before something else in the past
To explain or give a reason for something else in the past
Something started in the past, and continues up to another action in the past (stative only).
As part of the 3rd Conditional

181. I had studied hard, so I passed the exam.
When I had arrived, the lesson had started.
I hadn’t been to the USA before. I visited New York.
As I opened the fridge, I found that somebody had eaten all the food.
It had rained all summer, so the grass was very green.
I had lived in Taif for 5 years when I met my wife.
When I got home, I realised I had forgotten my keys.
I had studied hard, so I passed the exam.
It was white outside. It had snowed during the night.

182. Past Perfect (used with)
Before
Arrived
Already
Found
All
During
Realised
Saw
Got So
When

183. Reported to Direct Speech
She said, "I can see him." (direct speech)
= She said that she could see him. (reported speech)
She said, "I always go shopping on Tuesday." (direct speech)
= She said that she always goes shopping on Tuesday. (reported speech)
She said, "I went to the park yesterday." (direct speech)
= She said that she went to the park yesterday. (reported speech)
= She said that she had been to the park yesterday. (reported speech)
Often direct speech goes 1 step back in time when reported
We use verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask’
We may use 'that' (but possible without).
Speech marks “ “ are not used in reported speech.

184. Reported to Direct Speech
‘SAY’ & ‘TELL’
‘Say’ = no indirect object: He said that he was tired.
‘Tell’ = when you say who was being spoken to: He told me that he was tired.
‘TALK’ & ‘SPEAK’
the action of communicating: He talked to us. She was speaking on the telephone.
with ‘about’ to refer to what was said: He talked (to us) about his parents.

185. present simple present continuous past simple past continuous
Tense
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
present simple
“”I like ice cream”.”
She said (that) she liked ice cream. (likes ice cream)
present continuous
“ “I am living in London”.”
She said (that) she was living in London. (is living)
past simple
“”I bought a car”.”
She said (that) she had bought a car. OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous
“”I was walking along the street”.”
She said (that) she had been walking along the street. (was walking)
present perfect
“”I haven't seen Julie”.”
She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie. (hasn’t seen)

186. past perfect will would can could
Tense
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
past perfect
“”I had taken English lessons before”.”
She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
will
“”I'll see you later”.”
She said (that) she would see me later. (will see)
would
“”I would help, but.””
She said (that) she would help but...
can
“”I can speak perfect English”.”
She said (that) she could speak perfect English. (can)
could
“”I could swim when I was four”.”
She said (that) she could swim when she was four.

187. shall should might must need
Tense
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
shall
“”I shall come later”.”
She said (that) she would come later.
should
“”I should call my mother.””
She said (that) she should call her mother.
might
"I might be late."
She said (that) she might be late.
must
"I must study at the weekend."
She said (that) she must study at the weekend. OR She said she had to study at the weekend.
need
“I need to go to the bathroom.”
She said (that) she needed to go to the bathroom. (needs to)

188. Reported to Direct Speech
In the exam, it’s better to move the tense back one step
except for past perfect, would, should, could & might
(when something is still true in the present we don’t need to)

189. Said or Told (+ object pronoun)
Jody said, “we need to wear our uniforms.”
My brother said, “I haven’t got any money.”
I said, “I like to go surfing.”
My sister said, “I lost my bag.”
My friend said, “I’m sorry, I can’t drive.”
Ahmed said, “I am tidying up my room.”
The teacher said, “stand up!”
My brother said, “I could take his car.”

190. Reported ‘Wh’ Questions
Direct Question
Reported Question
““Where is the Post Office, please?””
She asked me where the Post Office was. (is)
“”What are you doing?””
She asked me what I was doing.
“”Who was that fantastic man?””
She asked me who that fantastic man had been. (was)
“Where do you live?"
She asked me where I lived. (live)

191. Jody said, “Where is your uniform?”
My brother said, “Where do you keep your money?”
I said, “How often do you go surfing?”
My sister said, “Where did I leave my bag?”
My friend said, “When did you pass your test?”
Ahmed said, “Who made that mess in my room.”
The teacher said, “How can I get you to stand up?”
My brother said, “How fast is my car?

192. Reported ‘Yes/No’ Questions
Direct Question
Reported Question
"Do you like chocolate?"
She asked me if I liked chocolate.
“”Do you love me?””
He asked me if I loved him.
““Have you ever been to Mexico?””
She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
““Are you living here?””
She asked me if I was living here.

193. Jody said, “Are you wearing your uniform?”
My brother said, “Have you got any money?”
I said, “Do you like to go surfing?”
My sister said, “Have you seen my bag?”
My friend said, “Can you drive?”
Ahmed said, “Can you help me tidy up my room.”
The teacher said, “Would you please stand up?”
My brother said, “Do you want to take my car?

194. Reported Requests Direct Request Reported Request “Please help me”.
She asked me to help her.
“Please don't smoke”.
She asked me not to smoke.
“Could you bring my book tonight?”
She asked me to bring her book that night.
“Could you pass the milk, please?”
She asked me to pass the milk.
“Would you mind coming early tomorrow?”
She asked me to come early the next day.

195. “Give me that pen!?
“Don’t drive crazily, I’m scared.”
“Could you lend me some money?”
“Would you open the door please!”
“Tell him to shut up!”
“Don’t say anything to her!”
“Get out of the car now!”
“Drink your milk!

196. Reported Time Expressions
It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today."
If I tell someone on Monday,
I say "Julie said she was leaving today."
If I tell someone on Tuesday,
I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday."
If I tell someone on Wednesday,
I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday."
I say "Julie said she was leaving that day."
If I tell someone a month later,
now
then / at that time
today
yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday
the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night
the night before, Thursday night
last week
the week before / the previous week
tomorrow
today / the next day / the following day / Friday

197. Passive (form) To Be + V3 (regular verb = +ed) The test was marked.
The test wasn’t marked.
Was the test marked?
The car was stolen.
The car wasn’t stolen.
Was the car stolen?

198. Passive (form) To Be + V3 (regular verb = +ed) The car was stolen.
We were told to stand up.
The tests are marked.
The class is cleaned every day.
Seat belts must be worn.
The decision has been made.
The tasks are being completed.

199. Passive (use) Who are what did something is unknown or not important.
We want to change the focus of a sentence.
To put new information at the end of the sentence (sounds better).
There are some others, but you don’t need them right now.

200. The money was stolen.
The car was driven by Ibrahim.
The food is always eaten by Salman.
The car was crashed.
The keys were moved.
The TV was switched on by Anwar.
The homework must be completed.
The board is cleaned by Faisal.

201. Passive to Active The car was stolen. We were told to stand up.
The tests are marked.
The class is cleaned every day.
Seat belts must be worn.
The decision has been made.
The tasks are being completed.

202. Passive to Active Somebody stole the car.
The teacher told us to stand up.
The teachers mark the tests.
The cleaners clean the class every day.
Drivers must wear seat belts.
The manager made his decision.
The students are completing the tasks.

203. Active to Passive The man took the bag.
The teacher told them to be quiet.
The cooks cook the food.
The accountant counts the money.
Students must wear a uniform.
The boss has asked me to leave.
My team is winning the game.

204. Active to Passive The bag was taken (by the man).
They were told to be quiet (by the teacher).
The food was cooked (by the cooks).
The money was counted (by the accountant).
Uniforms must be worn (by the students).
I was asked to leave (by the boss).
The game is being won (by my team).