1. PARTS OF SPEECH

2. NOUN is a word which is used to represent : Persons Places Things Something that substantively exist and something which substantively doesn’t exist but it is conceptually understood and has a particular quality Quality The quality of things such as height, beauty, brightness, density, prosperity, strength, courage, etc Action Idea Occurrences

3. NOUN can function as: The subject of a sentence The object of a preposition Appositive Is a noun which is used to explain another noun

4. EXAMPLES I captured a student copying the answers from his friend’s work I person, subject A student person, object

5. EXAMPLES: London is one of the famous tourist destination in the world London : place, subject Destination : things, object The world : place, object

6. EXAMPLES We need a comfortable classroom to study We : person, subject Classroom : things, object

7. EXAMPLES Indonesia has an increased incidents of obesity in children Indonesia : place, subject Incidents : things, object Obesity: quality, object Children: person, object

8. Examples: The halal committee doesn’t legalise the use of food additives grown in non halal media There is a correlation between humidity and toxicity of nut The importance of this training is obvious

9. B. VERB a word or a group of words which is used: To express an action To express the existence of a particular noun (is, am, are) To make a statement (will, shall, can) To link noun to noun To link noun to adjective

10. Examples for action verbs: The scientists explore the use of ginger for medicine I made this presentation last week She cooks dinner very well The students listen to my lecture

11. Examples for linking verb She is a humble young lady My daughter became a famous author The yoghurt drinks taste delicious The cake looks horrible After a heating period for one hour, the temperature remains constant. The cake will expire soon

12. C.PRONOUN is a word that substitutes a noun or a noun phrase Personal pronoun which can act as subject or object Subject is a word which does an action and usually comes before the verb Object is a word that receives an action and usually comes after the verb Possessive adjective pronoun Possessive pronoun

13. Pronoun SubjectObjectPossessive adjectivePossessive IMEMYMINE WEUSOUROURS YOU YOURYOURS SHEHER HERS HEHIMHIS IT ITS THEYTHEMTHEIRTHEIRS

14. Examples Fatimah is a mother of two sons. Fatimah’s sons are 5 and 3 years. Fatimah and fatimah’s sons live in the village. Fatimah is a mother of two sons. Her sons are 5 and 3 years. They live in the village. Hasan searches the literature about ginger for Hasan’s thesis. Hasan searches the literature in the library. Hasan searches the literatures about ginger for his thesis. He searches them in the library.

15. Pronoun interrogative pronouns (who, which, what) used for asking questions To be learnt on the separate lesson relative pronouns (who, which, what, that) used in complex sentences To be learnt on the separate lesson demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) indefinite pronouns (some, all, both, each, etc.)

16. Demonstrative pronouns This: singular and near the speakersingular That: singular and at a distance from the speakersingular These: plural and near the speakerplural Those: plural and at a distance from the speakerplural

17. Examples I let you take this book but not those. We gave these materials last semester. Those flowers are not for sale. I have only one like that at home.

18. Indefinite pronouns Indefinite pronouns refer to an unknown or undetermined person, place or thing. Care must be taken to identify whether the pronoun is singular or plural to ensure the proper conjugation of the verb. These are singular pronouns : Another, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, Nothing, Each, Either No One, Neither, Nobody, One, Someone, Somebody, Something

19. Examples: Another way to secrete water is by sweating Anyone in this class likes English Subject Anything comes from pigs is haram for moslem Neither, Nobody, One, Someone, Somebody, Something