1. Presidents James Madison and James Monroe
APUSH
Lecture 3.2
4th president
5th president
A scholar who nearly worked himself to death!
First lifetime politician

3. President James Madison
Born in Virginia, 1751
Enlisted in Continental Army but too small
Attended Princeton University and became a lawyer.
Father of the Constitution and Bill of Rights.
Secretary of State during Jefferson’s Presidency
President, 1809 to 1817
President James Madison

5. Both sides were impressing US ships.
The War of 1812…why?
First issue:
Britain and France at war
Impressment
Both sides were impressing US ships.
Definition: An act of kidnapping a ship, its contents, men and forcing them into your navy

6. Thomas Jefferson’s solution…along with Secretary of State Madison
Embargo Act American ships are not allowed to leave for any foreign ports
Result? DISASTER
A political cartoon showing merchants dodging the "Ograbme", which is 'Embargo' spelled backwards. The embargo was also ridiculed in the New England press as Dambargo, Mob-Rage, or Go-bar-'em.

7. Ne-ner-ne-ner-ne-ner!
Non-importation Act Foreign trade open with anyone and everyone EXCEPT France and England
Macon’s Bill No removed all trade restrictions again France and England, BUT the president was given power to reverse if either France or England revoked decrees
Napoleon revokes the decrees against American Shipping and……… MADISON believes Napoleon

8. Congressional War Hawks
New members want war!
Motives?
Respect-USA needs to fight to defend neutrality
Henry Clay
Tecumseh-
Shawnee Indian leader –Creek war
1811
John C Calhoun
Florida and Canada-territorial expansion

9. Did not the Great Spirit make them for the use of his children?”
“Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the clouds and the great sea, as well as the earth?
Did not the Great Spirit make them for the use of his children?”
Tecumseh

10. War breaks out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.
The War of 1812
2nd War of Independence
Mr. Madison’s War
War breaks out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.
Americans initiate 3 pronged invasion of Canada
Result? 3 pronged defeat!
NEXT

11. At 1st it seems like a huge mistake
WAR OF 1812
Map war1812
At 1st it seems like a huge mistake
Canada—denied!
Napoleon abdicates and now England can focus on crushing US
Creeks kill Hundreds in Tennessee

12. The Battle of Thames River, Oct. 5, 1813
US military victory led by General William H. Harrison
Tecumseh was killed during this battle

13. US attacked in 3 areas and prevails!
1.Lake Champlain 2. Chesapeake- Capital burned Aug 24, New Orleans

14. Naval Battles The Battle of Lake Erie
After defeating the British, Captain Oliver Hazard Perry declared, “We have met the enemy and they are ours”

15. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WAR OF 1812
Dolly Madison escaped from White House and took many pieces of art, furniture from the White House before the British destroyed it.
Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814

16. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WAR OF 1812
U.S. Flag which flew over Fort McHenry to inspire Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner. September 13th, 1814

17. Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814
Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… Francis Scott Key

18. Battle of New Orleans
10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.
4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were defeated on January 8, 1815, 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was negotiated to end the war.

20. Treaty of Ghent Christmas eve 1814
Senate receives in February 1815 and approves of Treaty and the war is over.
Terms-
1. Halt to fighting
2. Return of all conquered territory to prewar borders
3. Recognition of prewar border between Canada and USA
It’s a tie!!!

21. However….the legacy of the conflicts are enormous
Nationalism grows!
-Supreme Court decisions encourage federal power
American Identity Emerges
“Go ahead, go ahead” Daniel Webster’s term for the spirit of the age
3. Andrew Jackson becomes a household name and William Henry Harrison. War heroes as presidents.
4. Native American removal

22. Another legacy “Era of good feelings”
James Monroe
Last president from the Rev. Era
Fought at Trenton with George Washington
Practiced Law in Virginia
Negotiated Louisiana Purchase

23. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1817 TO 1825 Spirit of Nationalism in US
american system
Spirit of Nationalism in US
patriotism or national oneness
Country is united, confident, and growing
, 9 states joined the original 13.
One political party---Republican party
Respect from Europe
Monroe first president to visit all states.
Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good Feelings” had began.
But, time period was not free of problems.

24. Era of Good Feelings Cultural Nationalism Economic Nationalism
Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American society from books and paintings of Revolutionary heroes to Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller that promoted patriotism
Economic Nationalism
Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a political movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy AMERICAN SYSTEM
Political Nationalism
Movement to bring about the support for national government is over the states. Supreme court decisions support the concept of national government over the states.

25. Henry Clay’s American System
Congress’s attempt to unite the US
National transportation system of roads, canals, steamships and rivers.
1800 to 1850 roads, canals and rivers first forms of transportation---
Provide economic growth
Americans buying American goods
American self-sufficiency.
Protective Tariff to promote infant industry
Tariff of 1816
2nd BUS to promote a stronger economy
Rechartered in 1816

26. National Transportation system
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
National Transportation system
Cumberland Road and Erie Canal first internal improvements to unite the US
the first steamboat on western waters was in 1811.
1800 to 1850 roads, canals and rivers first forms of transportation
1850 to 1860 the railroad is added
The Land Act of 1820
gave the West its wish by authorizing a buyer to purchase 80 acres of land at a minimum of $1.25 an acre in cash;
the West demanded transportation.

28. Population shift from the east to the West
Reasons for
Westward Movement
Population shift from the east to the West
Acquisition of Native Americans’ lands
Land easy to obtain
Economic pressures
Improved transportation
Immigration

29. New Questions and Issues
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
New Questions and Issues
Greatest importance to western states were:
“Cheap money” (easy credit) from state banks rather than from the Bank of the United States
Land made available at low prices by the government
Improved transportation
Westerners could not agree whether to permit slavery or exclude it

30. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
The Panic of 1819
Largely the fault of the Second Bank of the United States’ tightening of credit in an effort to control inflation
Many state banks closed
The value of money fell
There were large increases in unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
Depression was most severe in the West
The economic crisis changed many Western voters’ political outlook

32. Westward expansion Growth of cities and states by 1850
City growth
Westward expansion Growth of cities and states by 1850