1. Classic Antiquity

2. www.pedagogmob.com Taking Notes www.pedagogmob.com Time Period * Key theorists Major shifts/context Who is in power? Who is a threat to power? Always ask: Purpose of punishment? Punishment & needs of the time? Assumptions about punishment?

3. But what do I have to know?  Let the slides guide where you should focus in the readings…  Slides do not replace readings…  Dates?

4. Classic Antiquity... City States: Polis ● Greece ● Sparta/AthensSupracontext Nostalgic recollections about ‘rationality’

7. The Birthplace of Democracy  Lottery  Slaves & women Rationalism: Everything and everyone has its proper place and function (virtue) Purpose of Law (p. 45)  Perfection in virtue  Essential freedom  Political Community

8. The Sophists: 469 - 399 BCE Sophists: Taught the art of rhetoric (elite) Law is created by Man (relativism) not a natural order Good: what people in a polis define as good Attempt at Secularism

9. Socrates & Plato Socrates: free Justice truth & virtue chit chat…. (university) Challenged Sophists but offered no doctrine of virtue

10. 399 BCE: Trial of Socrates Courts Trials Trials Dikasts Dikasts Formal and ritualized Avoid concentrated authority Avoid concentrated authority Adversarial system Character was important Character was important Hierarchy of Citizens Hierarchy of Citizens “…corrupting the youth and impiety ”

11. Plato’s State Doctrine …the elite eclipse everyone because of their wisdom, the masses should y means of self- control, simply rein in their own unreasonable instincts. …governing power belongs exclusively to the reasonable elite. …The everyday physical work is performed by the unwise masses. (p.46) Rejection of Democracy

12. Function of the Polis: 1. Government 2. Maintain order 3. Productive labour (virtue) Three classes ordered by virtue :  courage & intelligence  philosophers natural rulers Plato’s State Doctrine You can skip p.56-65

13. Aristotle & Ontology  Student of Plato’s Academy  Became a scholar “Why are things ordered as they are?”  Teological - a natural capacity in objects

14. Aristotle’s Ethics Philosophers: Purpose of Law  Highest Good (“happiness”)  Duty to ‘essential nature’  Distributive Justice  Equality in Inequality  Corrective Justice  Contractual fairness Democracy that Excludes…

15. Roman Stoics: Apathy Alexander the Great Authoritarian rule Seneca:  One should not desire things outside your control  Do not mourn your poverty, control what you can….  Do not resist… Cicero – however: apolitical is unsustainable

16. Cicero: Natural Law 1. Do not disturb the order of a community 2. Contribute generously to the Polis through: 1. Benevolence 2. Generosity 3. Goodness 4. Justice Good of the People always trumps supporting tyranny, for example…

17. Thursday  Start into The Middle Ages  Quiz (20 minutes)