1. The Rise of Islam Ms. Carmelitano

2. Location The Islamic Religion would begin on the Arabian Peninsula, in what is today Saudi Arabia – This served as the bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe

3. Geography of the Arabian Peninsula Trade: – Only a small strip in Arabia and Oman can support agriculture The rest is barren desert Inhabited by Nomadic Arab herders 1,200 miles north – south and 1,300 miles east - west

4. Life in the Desert Nomadic lifestyle – Bedouins: Nomadic Arab nomads – Organization: Clans Provided security in the extreme conditions Courage and loyalty and warrior skills were valued – Kin, or family groups held power in each clan – Rich oral story-telling tradition Farming Communities – Small communities sprang up where there was an oasis: Fertile green area with water to support agriculture – These became small Arab market towns for trade

5. Trade 600’s AD the small towns became major trade hubs – Trade routes connected Arabia to empires in Europe and Asia – Cross Roads of trade

6. Rise of the Islamic Religion The Prophet Muhammad – Muhammad was born in Mecca This was a trading hub located at the Red Sea It will become a holy play for Muslims – In his early life Muhammad was a trader, married Khadijah, a wealthy business woman, and had children – He would pilgrimage to Mt, Hira to pray and meditate – 610 AD On a retreat he heard a voice and had a vision of Allah – the Muslim name for the Jewish and Christian God – Mohammad believed he was the last of the prohpets

7. The Holy Book Koran (Qur’an) – The holy book of Islam – Mohammad wrote down the revelations he received – Name means “recitation” Each chapter, or Suras, is believed to be a revelation from Allah, as told to Muhammad by archangel Gabriel It begins with the Fatihah – used for independent prayer

8. Followers Islam means: sbmission to the will of Allah Muslims: Means “those who submit to Islam” They believe that Allah is the one and only God, and all other Gods must be abandoned

9. Growth of Islam 613 AD: Muhammad began publically preaching in Mecca – Khadija was the first follower There was resistence to the monotheistic beliefs – The Arab belief before was polytheistic – The Ka’ba was a polytheistic shrine in Mecca

10. The Hirjah Because of persecuation, in 622 AD Muhammad decided to leave Mecca with a small band of followers – Traveled to town of Yathrib – 200 miles north of Mecca The migration became known as the Hirjah – Muhammad attracted many followers – Yathrib would be later renamed Medina – In Medina Muhamad became a political and military leader In 624 AD fought the Meccans at the battle of Badar

11. Return to Mecca 630 AD – Muhammad and followers returned to Mecca – The leaders in Mecca surrendered to the 10,000 troops – Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Ka’aba and conducted the call to prayer on the roof – Many Meccans coverted to Islam Joined the umma: Islamic religious community Women were seen as equals, praying with men

12. Beliefs of Islam The 5 Pillars – Faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger.” – Prayer Pray 5 times a day towards Mexxa There may be an assembly at a mosque: an Islamic house of worship – Alms Muslims should support the less fortunate and give alms or money to the poor through a religious tax – Fasting During Islamic holy month os Ramadan all Muslims fast from sun rise to sun set – Pilgrimage All Muslims who are physically and financially able, should preform a hajj, or pilgrimage to Mexxa, at least once in their lives

13. The Islamic Way of Life Religion became a way of life in the community Religios customs affected daily life – Forbidden to eat pork – Forbidden to drink alcholic beverages – Friday afternoons are set aside for worship – Every Muslim must pray 5 times a day – Scholar class: ulama – no prieses or religious authority

14. Sources of Authority Allah expressed his wishes through Gabriel and can be found in the Koran, written by Muhammad. Written after his death Written in Arabic – Helped to unit Muslim states – Sunna: Muhammads example, best way to live life – Shari’a – holy law regulating family life, moral conduct, busimess, and community lfie

15. Relationship to Judiasm and christanity 3 rd Abrahamic Relgion Allah is the same God worshiped in Christanity and Judaism Muslims view Jesus as a prohet, not the Messiah The Qur’an is viewed as Allah’s words revealed to Muhammad Refer to Jewish and Christains as “people of the book” necause teacjomgs are soo;ar Shari’a calls for leaders to extend religious tolerance