1. Update on Antibiotic Usage in the Pig Sector Caroline Garvan, Veterinary Inspector

2. Content Introduction – Global focus on AB usage Surveillance – Usage & AMR Promotion of Animal Health Prudent Use

4. Resistance v Residue Antibiotic Resistance - Major Public Health Threat Antibiotic Residues – minimal → No longer Public Health risk

5. Commission Action Plan

6. HPRA Data 2013 Premix 34.8% Oral Remedy 30.8% Injectable 29.4%

7. AMR surveillance – Pigs/poultry/cattle Slide courtesy of Food Safety Authority of Ireland

8. AMR SURVEILLANCE – Pigs only Slide courtesy of Food Safety Authority of Ireland

10. These substances show much lower levels of resistance and are more in line with the trends observed for the overall data in the first chart – Slide courtesy of Food Safety Authority of Ireland

11. DAFM – Pilot study ● Total active medication consumed during the animals lifecycle and it is compared to the average final weight ● Two herds with the highest consumption of medication → final weights are both 102kg which are below the average weight of 105.5kg across the herds ● Herd with the highest final weight had the fourth lowest consumption of active medication in the study (Slide courtesy of FSAI )

12. Improving Animal Health Housing environment Nutrition Management Vaccination – prevention Biosecurity Veterinary Consultation

13. Biosecurity – DISEASE PREVENTION External – personnel/vehicles/animals Internal – Pigs →‘All in /all out’, washing /disinfecting/drying houses Personnel →shower in, dedicated piggery clothing -limit movement of personnel between age groups, hand & feet hygiene, disinfectant baths, syringes/bottles

14. Prudent Use?? ● Piglets - creep Link/1st stage weaners – Feed mixing / delivery → Targeted ! 2 nd stage weaners → Targeted! Finishers – No Withdrawal Period ≠ Prudent Use

15. Factors influencing mis-use on some farms ● Viral diseases –PRRS, Circo, Swine influenza Bacterial infection –real or not Farmer –’unwilling to stop in feed medication’, ‘Why change –pigs ‘doing ok’! Multiple vets -evidence of communication failure→ vet to vet/ vet to farmer Lack of scientific investigation-costs money -Will I get an answer?

16. Prudent use – Feed Mixing One wet mixer-Sows and weaners → if only 1 st weaners need treatment →Residue carryover to ‘non target groups’ →Result ↑risk of resistant bacteria in herd

17. General mixer + satellite tanks Problem solved ??? Yes/No Tank feeds 1 st stage weaner ----4 week cycle Problem—many AB medications licensed to treat for 7- 10 days ---NOT 4 weeks--RESISTANCE Problem if purchasing or home mixing?--yes Problem for prescribing vet? ---yes Feed mix/delivery systems – change → Target small group for Short Time

18. Legislative Changes? - Regulations Diagnosis – sensitivity testing! Dosage & Duration of treatment- strict adherence to datasheet Ban on preventive use(?) or performance enhancer Restriction on usage of CIAs Prescription for medicated feed – 1 week validity Prescription can only supply 2 weeks medication

19. Progress to date... Increased awareness of targeted use Vaccination programmes → usage ↓ Improved biosecurity ?Herd Health Programmes?

20. Further Progress needed.... If disease is present: → Right ANIMAL → Right DRUG → Right DOSE → Right DURATION